0 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:30,000 Dear viewer, these subtitles were generated by a machine via the service Trint and therefore are (very) buggy. If you are capable, please help us to create good quality subtitles: https://c3subtitles.de/talk/30 Thanks! 1 00:00:09,300 --> 00:00:11,019 A round of applause for Alexa, please. 2 00:00:17,660 --> 00:00:19,729 Hi, it's it's a real 3 00:00:19,730 --> 00:00:22,129 honor to be here today, having 4 00:00:22,130 --> 00:00:24,799 spent the last three years witnessing, 5 00:00:24,800 --> 00:00:26,779 documenting and reporting on the secret 6 00:00:26,780 --> 00:00:28,969 prosecution of Chelsea Manning, I 7 00:00:28,970 --> 00:00:30,679 feel I have a great responsibility to 8 00:00:30,680 --> 00:00:32,929 impart to the public the facts 9 00:00:32,930 --> 00:00:35,599 and circumstances of her unprecedented 10 00:00:35,600 --> 00:00:36,600 trial. 11 00:00:37,370 --> 00:00:39,409 Manning was tried by court martial at 12 00:00:39,410 --> 00:00:42,649 Fort Meade, Maryland, home of the NSA, 13 00:00:42,650 --> 00:00:45,079 on 22 offenses, including 14 00:00:45,080 --> 00:00:47,569 aiding the enemy, espionage, 15 00:00:47,570 --> 00:00:49,999 exceeding authorized access, stealing 16 00:00:50,000 --> 00:00:51,889 U.S. government property, wanton 17 00:00:51,890 --> 00:00:54,019 publication and failures to 18 00:00:54,020 --> 00:00:56,899 obey lawful general regulations. 19 00:00:56,900 --> 00:00:59,029 She was later found guilty of 20 of 20 00:00:59,030 --> 00:01:01,279 those offenses and sentenced to 35 21 00:01:01,280 --> 00:01:02,280 years in prison. 22 00:01:03,380 --> 00:01:05,599 The trial record totals about 23 00:01:05,600 --> 00:01:07,699 45000 pages, 24 00:01:07,700 --> 00:01:09,889 believed to be the longest in U.S. 25 00:01:09,890 --> 00:01:12,229 military law, yet 18 26 00:01:12,230 --> 00:01:14,329 months into the legal proceeding. 27 00:01:14,330 --> 00:01:16,549 The public was still forbidden access 28 00:01:16,550 --> 00:01:18,709 to more than 30000 pages of 29 00:01:18,710 --> 00:01:21,769 court filings and rulings 30 00:01:21,770 --> 00:01:23,809 during the pretrial military. 31 00:01:23,810 --> 00:01:26,029 Prosecutors often waived oral 32 00:01:26,030 --> 00:01:28,519 arguments in open court 33 00:01:28,520 --> 00:01:30,859 or at trial, moved the court 34 00:01:30,860 --> 00:01:32,569 to conduct its business in closed 35 00:01:32,570 --> 00:01:34,849 sessions, further concealing 36 00:01:34,850 --> 00:01:36,689 their case from public scrutiny. 37 00:01:37,700 --> 00:01:39,769 Military prosecutors even used my 38 00:01:39,770 --> 00:01:41,869 Web site to justify 39 00:01:41,870 --> 00:01:43,769 the closure of the test. 40 00:01:43,770 --> 00:01:45,859 One witness to instruct the court on 41 00:01:45,860 --> 00:01:48,109 how it would handle classified testimony 42 00:01:48,110 --> 00:01:49,110 at trial. 43 00:01:50,270 --> 00:01:52,849 I recently discovered this in the 44 00:01:52,850 --> 00:01:54,409 recent documents that were released by 45 00:01:54,410 --> 00:01:55,999 the military district of Washington. 46 00:01:57,290 --> 00:01:59,509 By the way, this DSS agent's 47 00:01:59,510 --> 00:02:00,980 name is Ronald Rock. 48 00:02:02,570 --> 00:02:04,729 On the first day of her trial 49 00:02:04,730 --> 00:02:06,799 on the charges, the public did 50 00:02:06,800 --> 00:02:09,019 not even have an official copy 51 00:02:09,020 --> 00:02:11,329 of Manning's formal plea to 10 52 00:02:11,330 --> 00:02:13,459 lesser included offenses, one 53 00:02:13,460 --> 00:02:15,949 of which included different dates 54 00:02:15,950 --> 00:02:17,839 than those alleged by military 55 00:02:17,840 --> 00:02:19,999 prosecutors at trial. 56 00:02:20,000 --> 00:02:22,159 I will explain to you later why this was 57 00:02:22,160 --> 00:02:23,959 very important. 58 00:02:23,960 --> 00:02:26,239 The failure to allow contemporaneous 59 00:02:26,240 --> 00:02:28,249 access to court documents caused 60 00:02:28,250 --> 00:02:30,409 irrevocable harm to the public's 61 00:02:30,410 --> 00:02:32,449 right to understand and scrutinize the 62 00:02:32,450 --> 00:02:35,029 conduct case law, 63 00:02:35,030 --> 00:02:37,099 arguments and opinions of both 64 00:02:37,100 --> 00:02:39,349 trial and defense counsel and 65 00:02:39,350 --> 00:02:41,779 the presiding military judge. 66 00:02:41,780 --> 00:02:44,149 Even with unofficial transcripts provided 67 00:02:44,150 --> 00:02:45,739 to the public by the Freedom of the Press 68 00:02:45,740 --> 00:02:48,019 Foundation or myself, most 69 00:02:48,020 --> 00:02:49,909 of the critical evidence at trial is 70 00:02:49,910 --> 00:02:52,159 still hidden under black redactions 71 00:02:52,160 --> 00:02:54,379 or in 200 unreleased court 72 00:02:54,380 --> 00:02:55,380 exhibits 73 00:02:56,600 --> 00:02:58,669 for those who apathetically 74 00:02:58,670 --> 00:03:00,979 condemn Manning to her fate 75 00:03:00,980 --> 00:03:03,109 because she was a low level soldier in 76 00:03:03,110 --> 00:03:04,699 the U.S. military. 77 00:03:04,700 --> 00:03:06,529 I remind you that the charge of aiding 78 00:03:06,530 --> 00:03:08,629 the enemy is one of two punitive 79 00:03:08,630 --> 00:03:10,519 articles under the Uniform Code of 80 00:03:10,520 --> 00:03:12,499 Military Justice that applies to any 81 00:03:12,500 --> 00:03:15,979 person and not just military personnel. 82 00:03:15,980 --> 00:03:19,159 This fact alone is all the more reason 83 00:03:19,160 --> 00:03:21,109 the public has a right to access to court 84 00:03:21,110 --> 00:03:22,110 documents. 85 00:03:22,820 --> 00:03:24,589 While the presiding military judge, 86 00:03:24,590 --> 00:03:26,989 Colonel Douglas Lind, acquitted Manning 87 00:03:26,990 --> 00:03:29,299 of aiding the enemy for which she faced 88 00:03:29,300 --> 00:03:30,300 life in prison, 89 00:03:31,580 --> 00:03:33,739 she rejected two defense motions 90 00:03:33,740 --> 00:03:35,929 to dismiss the charge altogether. 91 00:03:37,430 --> 00:03:39,169 Manning's prosecution for aiding the 92 00:03:39,170 --> 00:03:41,449 enemy set a chilling precedent for 93 00:03:41,450 --> 00:03:43,549 future whistleblowers and journalists 94 00:03:43,550 --> 00:03:46,339 who write about national security issues, 95 00:03:46,340 --> 00:03:48,199 according to defense witness Yochai 96 00:03:48,200 --> 00:03:50,329 Benkler, Professor Yochai Benkler 97 00:03:50,330 --> 00:03:52,339 of the Berkman Center for Internet and 98 00:03:52,340 --> 00:03:54,649 Society at Harvard Law School. 99 00:03:54,650 --> 00:03:56,869 Lynn's failure to dismiss the enemy, the 100 00:03:56,870 --> 00:03:58,789 aiding the enemy charge, established a 101 00:03:58,790 --> 00:04:00,110 broad legal precedent 102 00:04:01,310 --> 00:04:03,469 when Lynn asked the prosecution if 103 00:04:03,470 --> 00:04:05,149 it would have acted the same way had the 104 00:04:05,150 --> 00:04:07,009 organization in question been the New 105 00:04:07,010 --> 00:04:09,469 York Times and rather than WikiLeaks, 106 00:04:10,610 --> 00:04:13,999 the prosecution replied, Yes, ma'am. 107 00:04:14,000 --> 00:04:16,309 Leaking classified documents to 108 00:04:16,310 --> 00:04:18,379 newspapers can by 109 00:04:18,380 --> 00:04:20,179 itself be legally sufficient to 110 00:04:20,180 --> 00:04:22,189 constitute the offense of aiding the 111 00:04:22,190 --> 00:04:24,319 enemy if the leaker 112 00:04:24,320 --> 00:04:25,969 was sophisticated enough about 113 00:04:25,970 --> 00:04:28,309 intelligence and how the enemy uses 114 00:04:28,310 --> 00:04:30,859 the Internet, Benkler said. 115 00:04:30,860 --> 00:04:33,739 In other words, all a prosecutor 116 00:04:33,740 --> 00:04:35,869 will have to use in any future 117 00:04:35,870 --> 00:04:37,969 legal case against a national security 118 00:04:37,970 --> 00:04:40,219 whistleblower is that the accused knew 119 00:04:40,220 --> 00:04:42,259 the enemy or foreign adversary of the 120 00:04:42,260 --> 00:04:44,839 United States use the media organizations 121 00:04:44,840 --> 00:04:47,809 platform to collect intelligence. 122 00:04:47,810 --> 00:04:50,119 The impact of that not guilty 123 00:04:50,120 --> 00:04:52,189 ruling for Manning 124 00:04:52,190 --> 00:04:53,869 for aiding the enemy is somewhat 125 00:04:53,870 --> 00:04:56,389 negligible because in pronouncing 126 00:04:56,390 --> 00:04:58,549 Manning guilty on 20 other counts, 127 00:04:58,550 --> 00:05:01,219 including six Espionage Act offenses 128 00:05:01,220 --> 00:05:03,409 and one Computer Fraud and Abuse Act 129 00:05:03,410 --> 00:05:05,749 defense, she condemned Manning 130 00:05:05,750 --> 00:05:08,029 to 35 years in prison, and 131 00:05:08,030 --> 00:05:10,189 by doing so, she rubber stamped 132 00:05:10,190 --> 00:05:12,889 the Obama administration's inquisition 133 00:05:12,890 --> 00:05:15,290 of the press and its sources. 134 00:05:16,580 --> 00:05:19,249 Lynn ruled that Manning's motive 135 00:05:19,250 --> 00:05:21,349 and the lack of actual damage 136 00:05:21,350 --> 00:05:23,449 from the disclosures was not 137 00:05:23,450 --> 00:05:25,399 relevant at trial. 138 00:05:25,400 --> 00:05:27,589 Such evidence then could not 139 00:05:27,590 --> 00:05:30,379 be used to mitigate the accusation 140 00:05:30,380 --> 00:05:32,629 drawn from the language of the Espionage 141 00:05:32,630 --> 00:05:34,939 Act and the Computer Fraud and Abuse 142 00:05:34,940 --> 00:05:35,940 Act 143 00:05:37,400 --> 00:05:39,589 that Manning had, quote, reason 144 00:05:39,590 --> 00:05:42,049 to believe such information 145 00:05:42,050 --> 00:05:44,209 could be used to the injury 146 00:05:44,210 --> 00:05:46,669 of the United States and to the advantage 147 00:05:46,670 --> 00:05:47,769 of any foreign nation. 148 00:05:49,010 --> 00:05:51,199 Military prosecutors were only required 149 00:05:51,200 --> 00:05:53,569 to prove at trial that the information 150 00:05:53,570 --> 00:05:56,059 charged under the Espionage Act 151 00:05:56,060 --> 00:05:58,459 was related to the national defense 152 00:05:58,460 --> 00:06:00,529 and closely held, meaning it 153 00:06:00,530 --> 00:06:02,779 was not already lawfully in the public 154 00:06:02,780 --> 00:06:05,779 realm prior to Manning's disclosures 155 00:06:05,780 --> 00:06:09,079 and that the information could 156 00:06:09,080 --> 00:06:11,839 cause damage, not that it did 157 00:06:11,840 --> 00:06:12,840 cause damage. 158 00:06:13,700 --> 00:06:16,339 Military prosecutors called witnesses 159 00:06:16,340 --> 00:06:17,839 that they're called original 160 00:06:17,840 --> 00:06:20,359 classification authorities at trial 161 00:06:20,360 --> 00:06:23,149 from each of the victimized agencies 162 00:06:23,150 --> 00:06:24,379 to testify. 163 00:06:24,380 --> 00:06:26,749 These witnesses, all of which who 164 00:06:26,750 --> 00:06:28,849 were lifelong federal employees or 165 00:06:28,850 --> 00:06:30,979 defense contractors, testified 166 00:06:30,980 --> 00:06:32,989 that the charged information was properly 167 00:06:32,990 --> 00:06:35,419 classified at the time of its release 168 00:06:35,420 --> 00:06:37,549 and that its disclosure could 169 00:06:37,550 --> 00:06:39,979 cause damage, not that it did 170 00:06:39,980 --> 00:06:41,719 cause damage. 171 00:06:41,720 --> 00:06:43,399 Manning's civilian defense attorney, 172 00:06:43,400 --> 00:06:45,499 David Coombs, argued that 173 00:06:45,500 --> 00:06:47,959 the was the original classification 174 00:06:47,960 --> 00:06:50,479 authority and their classification 175 00:06:50,480 --> 00:06:52,549 reviews failed to cite 176 00:06:52,550 --> 00:06:54,859 specific examples within 177 00:06:54,860 --> 00:06:57,229 the charged documents that could 178 00:06:57,230 --> 00:06:59,479 actually cause damage. 179 00:06:59,480 --> 00:07:01,459 Instead, he said, they use general 180 00:07:01,460 --> 00:07:03,230 generalities and buzzwords. 181 00:07:04,580 --> 00:07:06,619 So again, Manning was convicted on a 182 00:07:06,620 --> 00:07:08,269 probable harm standard. 183 00:07:10,230 --> 00:07:12,359 Not actual harm, and she was 184 00:07:12,360 --> 00:07:14,639 sentenced to 35 years in prison 185 00:07:14,640 --> 00:07:16,859 on expected risk 186 00:07:16,860 --> 00:07:20,189 and not actual damage, 187 00:07:20,190 --> 00:07:21,599 the fact that most of the charge 188 00:07:21,600 --> 00:07:24,179 documents were legally classified 189 00:07:24,180 --> 00:07:26,519 and still are legally classified, despite 190 00:07:26,520 --> 00:07:28,649 a defense request to declassify 191 00:07:28,650 --> 00:07:30,869 them for trial, prevented Manning's 192 00:07:30,870 --> 00:07:33,509 lawyers from citing them openly in court. 193 00:07:33,510 --> 00:07:35,789 It also limited the defense's abilities 194 00:07:35,790 --> 00:07:38,009 to call witnesses, since any 195 00:07:38,010 --> 00:07:40,289 potential witness was required 196 00:07:40,290 --> 00:07:42,299 to have a security clearance to handle 197 00:07:42,300 --> 00:07:44,579 the classified but publicly available 198 00:07:44,580 --> 00:07:45,580 information. 199 00:07:46,350 --> 00:07:48,749 Although Manning disclosed approximately 200 00:07:48,750 --> 00:07:50,639 seven hundred and twenty five thousand 201 00:07:50,640 --> 00:07:53,279 six hundred and forty seven documents. 202 00:07:54,710 --> 00:07:55,710 Oops, sorry. 203 00:07:58,360 --> 00:08:00,699 And that's the breakdown from the four 204 00:08:00,700 --> 00:08:01,839 larger data sets. 205 00:08:04,700 --> 00:08:06,949 Plus, 18 documents are 206 00:08:06,950 --> 00:08:09,289 approximately 18 documents from smaller 207 00:08:09,290 --> 00:08:11,659 releases, which total 208 00:08:11,660 --> 00:08:13,489 seven hundred and twenty five thousand 209 00:08:13,490 --> 00:08:15,339 six hundred and forty seven documents, 210 00:08:16,340 --> 00:08:18,589 she was only tried and convicted 211 00:08:18,590 --> 00:08:20,359 under the Espionage Act language. 212 00:08:20,360 --> 00:08:22,459 In other words, the reason to believe 213 00:08:22,460 --> 00:08:24,409 such information could be used to the 214 00:08:24,410 --> 00:08:26,479 injury of the United States or 215 00:08:26,480 --> 00:08:28,309 to the or the advantage of any foreign 216 00:08:28,310 --> 00:08:31,219 nation. For 222 documents 217 00:08:31,220 --> 00:08:33,889 from the four larger datasets 218 00:08:33,890 --> 00:08:36,019 containing the Iraq and 219 00:08:36,020 --> 00:08:37,460 Afghanistan cigarette's 220 00:08:38,720 --> 00:08:41,029 the diplomatic cables and 221 00:08:41,030 --> 00:08:42,859 the Guantanamo detainee assessment 222 00:08:42,860 --> 00:08:44,330 briefs. So the Gitmo files. 223 00:08:46,660 --> 00:08:49,989 So that plus the 18 documents 224 00:08:49,990 --> 00:08:51,879 means Manning was charged in the 225 00:08:51,880 --> 00:08:54,969 Espionage Act language for only 240 226 00:08:54,970 --> 00:08:55,970 documents. 227 00:08:59,150 --> 00:09:01,279 The OCA's and other government witnesses 228 00:09:01,280 --> 00:09:03,229 also testified that enemies and foreign 229 00:09:03,230 --> 00:09:05,479 adversaries could use the large datasets 230 00:09:05,480 --> 00:09:07,549 to conduct pattern analysis. 231 00:09:07,550 --> 00:09:09,949 Yet technically, Manning was charged 232 00:09:09,950 --> 00:09:12,529 under this reason to believe language 233 00:09:12,530 --> 00:09:14,299 found in the Espionage Act and the 234 00:09:14,300 --> 00:09:16,399 Computer Fraud and Abuse Act for 235 00:09:16,400 --> 00:09:18,649 only two hundred and twenty two 236 00:09:18,650 --> 00:09:20,299 of the four larger data sets. 237 00:09:23,040 --> 00:09:25,169 Military prosecutors failed to argue 238 00:09:25,170 --> 00:09:27,629 how 222 charge documents 239 00:09:27,630 --> 00:09:29,369 could be used for any potential pattern 240 00:09:29,370 --> 00:09:32,429 analysis conducted by foreign adversaries 241 00:09:32,430 --> 00:09:34,439 or enemies, if military prosecutors 242 00:09:34,440 --> 00:09:36,569 wanted to use that argument in court, 243 00:09:36,570 --> 00:09:37,949 they should have charged Manning under 244 00:09:37,950 --> 00:09:39,989 the Espionage Act and the Computer Fraud 245 00:09:39,990 --> 00:09:41,969 and Abuse Act for more than two hundred 246 00:09:41,970 --> 00:09:43,079 and twenty two documents. 247 00:09:44,670 --> 00:09:46,979 I have a few more carefully chosen words 248 00:09:46,980 --> 00:09:48,659 later for anyone, and I don't really care 249 00:09:48,660 --> 00:09:50,099 who they are, but especially those 250 00:09:50,100 --> 00:09:52,499 journalists, public intellectuals 251 00:09:52,500 --> 00:09:54,539 and academics who frankly should know 252 00:09:54,540 --> 00:09:56,699 better, who either recklessly or 253 00:09:56,700 --> 00:09:59,099 pejoratively refer to publication 254 00:09:59,100 --> 00:10:00,809 of Manning's primary source documents as 255 00:10:00,810 --> 00:10:01,810 dump's. 256 00:10:03,670 --> 00:10:04,899 This is what a dump is. 257 00:10:09,130 --> 00:10:10,599 Manning's conviction for the 258 00:10:10,600 --> 00:10:12,429 unprecedented offense of wanton 259 00:10:12,430 --> 00:10:14,649 publication, which is not tied to 260 00:10:14,650 --> 00:10:16,809 any existing punitive article under the 261 00:10:16,810 --> 00:10:19,119 Uniform Code of Military Justice 262 00:10:19,120 --> 00:10:21,039 or any federal criminal violation is 263 00:10:21,040 --> 00:10:23,769 intended to interdict interdict 264 00:10:23,770 --> 00:10:26,109 the future leak of large datasets capable 265 00:10:26,110 --> 00:10:28,449 of being mined or modeled for revelations 266 00:10:28,450 --> 00:10:30,759 by digital journalists and organizations 267 00:10:30,760 --> 00:10:32,589 like WikiLeaks. 268 00:10:32,590 --> 00:10:34,839 When asked by the military prosecutors 269 00:10:34,840 --> 00:10:36,549 if mass document leaking is somewhat 270 00:10:36,550 --> 00:10:39,099 inconsistent with journalism, Benkler 271 00:10:39,100 --> 00:10:41,199 from the Harvard Center for 272 00:10:41,200 --> 00:10:42,369 Internet and Society 273 00:10:44,020 --> 00:10:45,819 said that the large data sets, like the 274 00:10:45,820 --> 00:10:47,949 Iraq war logs, provided insight 275 00:10:47,950 --> 00:10:49,689 that cannot be found in one or two 276 00:10:49,690 --> 00:10:51,869 documents containing a smoking gun, 277 00:10:52,900 --> 00:10:54,489 the Iraq war logs added. 278 00:10:54,490 --> 00:10:56,499 Benkler provided an alternative 279 00:10:56,500 --> 00:10:58,539 independent count of casualties based on 280 00:10:58,540 --> 00:11:00,669 formal documents that allow for the 281 00:11:00,670 --> 00:11:03,099 analysis that was uncorrelated 282 00:11:03,100 --> 00:11:05,199 with the analysis that already came 283 00:11:05,200 --> 00:11:07,119 with an understanding of its political 284 00:11:07,120 --> 00:11:08,120 consequences. 285 00:11:15,060 --> 00:11:16,470 I read 286 00:11:17,580 --> 00:11:19,709 the documents also contain the lives 287 00:11:19,710 --> 00:11:21,539 of human beings. 288 00:11:22,800 --> 00:11:24,899 Valuable information about the 289 00:11:24,900 --> 00:11:27,330 detainees of America's war on terror. 290 00:11:30,290 --> 00:11:32,449 The children and the human beings that 291 00:11:32,450 --> 00:11:34,820 have been slaughtered by America's wars. 292 00:11:39,940 --> 00:11:42,009 And at a symposium on 293 00:11:42,010 --> 00:11:43,509 WikiLeaks held at the University of 294 00:11:43,510 --> 00:11:45,849 Southern California in 2011, Professor 295 00:11:45,850 --> 00:11:48,159 Derek Shearer of Occidental College, 296 00:11:48,160 --> 00:11:50,169 who served as ambassador to Finland 297 00:11:50,170 --> 00:11:52,329 during the Clinton administration, cited 298 00:11:52,330 --> 00:11:54,159 the Tunisian revolution as a positive 299 00:11:54,160 --> 00:11:55,479 outcome from the publication of the 300 00:11:55,480 --> 00:11:57,069 diplomatic cables. 301 00:11:57,070 --> 00:11:58,329 The revelation of the U.S. 302 00:11:58,330 --> 00:12:01,479 government's negative view of dictator 303 00:12:01,480 --> 00:12:03,489 Ben Ali is believed to have fueled anger 304 00:12:03,490 --> 00:12:05,589 towards the Tunisian regime. 305 00:12:05,590 --> 00:12:08,019 Some of this Frank speaking, he says, 306 00:12:08,020 --> 00:12:09,699 of not secrets, but just frank 307 00:12:09,700 --> 00:12:12,249 descriptions of a country that 308 00:12:12,250 --> 00:12:13,779 had a positive outcome. 309 00:12:13,780 --> 00:12:15,789 But these cables are not the secret level 310 00:12:15,790 --> 00:12:17,919 in which the government operates. 311 00:12:17,920 --> 00:12:19,749 We have a whole separate system of much 312 00:12:19,750 --> 00:12:21,399 more secret reporting that comes to the 313 00:12:21,400 --> 00:12:24,159 intelligence officers in the embassies. 314 00:12:24,160 --> 00:12:26,259 And then we have a whole other channel, 315 00:12:26,260 --> 00:12:28,329 the defense intelligence operations 316 00:12:28,330 --> 00:12:30,009 defense attaché reporting. 317 00:12:30,010 --> 00:12:31,839 So the notion that some vital secrets of 318 00:12:31,840 --> 00:12:33,699 America were compromised by WikiLeaks, I 319 00:12:33,700 --> 00:12:35,889 think is not the case. 320 00:12:35,890 --> 00:12:37,599 I spoke to somebody recently at The 321 00:12:37,600 --> 00:12:39,849 Washington Post who told me 322 00:12:39,850 --> 00:12:42,219 they refer to WikiLeaks publications 323 00:12:42,220 --> 00:12:43,929 every single day. 324 00:12:43,930 --> 00:12:45,549 And Benkler testified at trial that 325 00:12:45,550 --> 00:12:48,129 WikiLeaks was a new mode of journalism 326 00:12:48,130 --> 00:12:49,749 that fit the distributed model of 327 00:12:49,750 --> 00:12:51,129 engagement, news gathering and 328 00:12:51,130 --> 00:12:53,349 dissemination in the Internet age, what 329 00:12:53,350 --> 00:12:55,359 he termed the networked fourth estate. 330 00:12:55,360 --> 00:12:57,159 And if WikiLeaks is part of the networked 331 00:12:57,160 --> 00:12:59,379 fourth estate, then so is Manning and the 332 00:12:59,380 --> 00:13:00,939 and the releases and the types of 333 00:13:00,940 --> 00:13:02,440 releases that she 334 00:13:04,690 --> 00:13:05,690 executed. 335 00:13:06,740 --> 00:13:08,569 The root problem today is not the style 336 00:13:08,570 --> 00:13:10,099 of Manning leaks, it's the pervasive 337 00:13:10,100 --> 00:13:12,349 propaganda, and it's the control 338 00:13:12,350 --> 00:13:13,970 of the media by the few. 339 00:13:17,260 --> 00:13:19,569 Jeremy Scahill is book Dirty Wars relies 340 00:13:19,570 --> 00:13:21,969 heavily on WikiLeaks sourced documents 341 00:13:21,970 --> 00:13:24,309 which were disclosed by Manning 342 00:13:24,310 --> 00:13:26,319 Dirty Wars, is a perfect example of the 343 00:13:26,320 --> 00:13:28,719 long term public benefit 344 00:13:28,720 --> 00:13:30,729 of both substance and methodology of 345 00:13:30,730 --> 00:13:32,289 Manning's disclosures and WikiLeaks 346 00:13:32,290 --> 00:13:33,290 publications. 347 00:13:37,980 --> 00:13:40,979 On July 28, 2010, 348 00:13:40,980 --> 00:13:43,079 Robert Gates, the secretary 349 00:13:43,080 --> 00:13:45,539 of defense at the time, directed 350 00:13:45,540 --> 00:13:48,179 the director of the Defense Intelligence 351 00:13:48,180 --> 00:13:50,639 Agency, Ronald Burgess, to establish 352 00:13:50,640 --> 00:13:53,399 an information review task force 353 00:13:53,400 --> 00:13:55,889 to lead a comprehensive Department 354 00:13:55,890 --> 00:13:58,409 of Defense review of classified documents 355 00:13:58,410 --> 00:14:00,629 posted to the WikiLeaks website on 356 00:14:00,630 --> 00:14:03,179 July 25th, 2010, 357 00:14:03,180 --> 00:14:05,609 and other associated materials. 358 00:14:05,610 --> 00:14:07,799 Gates directed the ATF 359 00:14:07,800 --> 00:14:09,869 to complete a report containing 360 00:14:09,870 --> 00:14:11,879 any released information with immediate 361 00:14:11,880 --> 00:14:14,289 force protection implications, 362 00:14:14,290 --> 00:14:16,289 and he released information concerning 363 00:14:16,290 --> 00:14:18,449 allies or coalition partners that may 364 00:14:18,450 --> 00:14:20,909 negatively impact foreign policy. 365 00:14:20,910 --> 00:14:23,459 Any military plans, any 366 00:14:23,460 --> 00:14:25,529 intelligence reporting, any 367 00:14:25,530 --> 00:14:27,089 released information concerning 368 00:14:27,090 --> 00:14:29,429 intelligence sources and methods, any 369 00:14:29,430 --> 00:14:31,379 information on civilian casualties not 370 00:14:31,380 --> 00:14:33,869 previously released, any derogatory 371 00:14:33,870 --> 00:14:36,059 comments regarding Afghan culture or 372 00:14:36,060 --> 00:14:38,189 Islam, any related data 373 00:14:38,190 --> 00:14:40,289 that might also have been released 374 00:14:40,290 --> 00:14:42,989 to WikiLeaks but not yet posted? 375 00:14:42,990 --> 00:14:44,279 The task force, led by 376 00:14:44,280 --> 00:14:46,199 counterintelligence expert Brigadier 377 00:14:46,200 --> 00:14:48,179 General Robert Carr, was made up of 80 to 378 00:14:48,180 --> 00:14:50,789 125 people, including intelligence 379 00:14:50,790 --> 00:14:53,039 analysts and counterintelligence experts 380 00:14:53,040 --> 00:14:55,229 from the CIA, Pacific Command, 381 00:14:55,230 --> 00:14:57,269 Central Command, the undersecretary of 382 00:14:57,270 --> 00:14:58,739 Defense for intelligence, which is 383 00:14:58,740 --> 00:15:00,839 responsible for managing the ongoing 384 00:15:00,840 --> 00:15:03,119 Department of Defense investigation 385 00:15:03,120 --> 00:15:04,409 of WikiLeaks. 386 00:15:04,410 --> 00:15:06,209 Other interagency partners included the 387 00:15:06,210 --> 00:15:08,609 FBI and the Army Criminal Investigation 388 00:15:08,610 --> 00:15:10,949 Command car eventually 389 00:15:10,950 --> 00:15:12,719 testified for the prosecution during the 390 00:15:12,720 --> 00:15:14,399 sentencing portion of Manning's court 391 00:15:14,400 --> 00:15:16,499 martial in a closed session or by 392 00:15:16,500 --> 00:15:18,779 classified stipulation 393 00:15:18,780 --> 00:15:20,779 in the summer of 2010. 394 00:15:22,350 --> 00:15:23,789 So months before the release of 395 00:15:23,790 --> 00:15:25,469 diplomatic cables, the Department of 396 00:15:25,470 --> 00:15:28,169 State began working with the ATF 397 00:15:28,170 --> 00:15:30,509 to review any purported state material 398 00:15:30,510 --> 00:15:32,159 in the releases and to provide an 399 00:15:32,160 --> 00:15:34,409 assessment, as well as a summary of 400 00:15:34,410 --> 00:15:36,089 the overall effects the WikiLeaks 401 00:15:36,090 --> 00:15:38,189 releases would have on 402 00:15:38,190 --> 00:15:40,439 relations with host countries. 403 00:15:40,440 --> 00:15:42,869 And that's according to the ambassador, 404 00:15:42,870 --> 00:15:44,309 Ambassador Patrick Kennedy, who's the 405 00:15:44,310 --> 00:15:46,379 undersecretary of management and 406 00:15:46,380 --> 00:15:48,509 is a central figure in the WikiLeaks 407 00:15:48,510 --> 00:15:49,619 investigation. 408 00:15:49,620 --> 00:15:51,689 He's probably the most central of 409 00:15:51,690 --> 00:15:53,819 all the public officials in the US 410 00:15:53,820 --> 00:15:54,820 government, 411 00:15:57,240 --> 00:15:58,949 which, of course, begs the question, the 412 00:15:58,950 --> 00:16:01,109 statement by Patrick Kennedy and 413 00:16:01,110 --> 00:16:03,509 the fact of the ATF 414 00:16:03,510 --> 00:16:05,159 review by the State Department in the 415 00:16:05,160 --> 00:16:07,589 summer of 2010, followed 416 00:16:07,590 --> 00:16:09,239 by the Chiefs of Mission Review at the 417 00:16:09,240 --> 00:16:11,489 State Department that came, 418 00:16:11,490 --> 00:16:13,889 you know, following that, why 419 00:16:13,890 --> 00:16:15,629 it took the State Department months to 420 00:16:15,630 --> 00:16:17,219 shut down the netcentric diplomacy 421 00:16:17,220 --> 00:16:18,220 database. 422 00:16:19,680 --> 00:16:21,329 And they did it with such hysterical 423 00:16:21,330 --> 00:16:23,519 fanfare the day after WikiLeaks 424 00:16:23,520 --> 00:16:24,959 began publishing cable gate. 425 00:16:26,130 --> 00:16:27,989 If they believed that the threat was an 426 00:16:27,990 --> 00:16:30,059 actual if they believed the release was 427 00:16:30,060 --> 00:16:31,919 an actual threat to national security, I 428 00:16:31,920 --> 00:16:33,059 would imagine that they would have shut 429 00:16:33,060 --> 00:16:34,409 it down much earlier than that. 430 00:16:35,650 --> 00:16:38,009 But more on the State Department later. 431 00:16:38,010 --> 00:16:39,899 According to the military prosecutors, 432 00:16:39,900 --> 00:16:42,029 the DEA, ATF 433 00:16:42,030 --> 00:16:44,489 was specifically stood up and relates 434 00:16:44,490 --> 00:16:47,039 to all the charges against 435 00:16:47,040 --> 00:16:48,839 Chelsea Manning for which Manning was 436 00:16:48,840 --> 00:16:50,639 found guilty and for which she was 437 00:16:50,640 --> 00:16:51,640 acquitted of 438 00:16:52,770 --> 00:16:53,699 the review. 439 00:16:53,700 --> 00:16:55,559 They review the Sydney, Afghanistan and 440 00:16:55,560 --> 00:16:57,629 Syria and Iraq cigarette's the 441 00:16:57,630 --> 00:17:00,240 Guantanamo Files CENCOM videos, 442 00:17:01,740 --> 00:17:04,618 documents related to a May 2009 443 00:17:04,619 --> 00:17:04,919 U.S. 444 00:17:04,920 --> 00:17:07,348 cluster bombing in the Garani village 445 00:17:07,349 --> 00:17:09,479 in the Farah province of Afghanistan 446 00:17:09,480 --> 00:17:11,730 that had mass civilian casualties 447 00:17:12,900 --> 00:17:14,129 and diplomatic cables. 448 00:17:15,300 --> 00:17:16,889 The diplomatic cables. 449 00:17:16,890 --> 00:17:18,509 The Defense Department reviewed them for 450 00:17:18,510 --> 00:17:20,818 their impact on Department 451 00:17:20,819 --> 00:17:22,679 of Defense, military to military 452 00:17:22,680 --> 00:17:25,078 relationships and forces. 453 00:17:25,079 --> 00:17:27,269 Carr also testified that the ATF did 454 00:17:27,270 --> 00:17:29,159 not review any of the litigation 455 00:17:29,160 --> 00:17:31,259 regarding Guantanamo detainees to see if 456 00:17:31,260 --> 00:17:33,809 that information was already contained 457 00:17:33,810 --> 00:17:35,639 in the WikiLeaks disclosures. 458 00:17:35,640 --> 00:17:38,279 So CENTCOM has released a lot of 459 00:17:38,280 --> 00:17:40,679 material about detainees through FOIA 460 00:17:40,680 --> 00:17:42,839 requests and habeas cases. 461 00:17:42,840 --> 00:17:45,179 So the desire to never check whether 462 00:17:45,180 --> 00:17:47,159 or not there was this information was 463 00:17:47,160 --> 00:17:48,160 already in the public realm. 464 00:17:49,680 --> 00:17:51,839 In the summer of 2010, Gates 465 00:17:51,840 --> 00:17:53,729 wrote a letter to the chair of the Senate 466 00:17:53,730 --> 00:17:55,829 Armed Services Committee, Senator Carl 467 00:17:55,830 --> 00:17:57,809 Levin, stating that the initial 468 00:17:57,810 --> 00:17:59,999 assessment of the ATF in no 469 00:18:00,000 --> 00:18:01,649 way discounted the risk to national 470 00:18:01,650 --> 00:18:02,759 security. 471 00:18:02,760 --> 00:18:04,829 However, the review to date 472 00:18:04,830 --> 00:18:06,959 has not revealed any sources 473 00:18:06,960 --> 00:18:09,869 and methods compromised by this exposure. 474 00:18:09,870 --> 00:18:12,059 The final DIA 475 00:18:12,060 --> 00:18:13,919 report is one hundred pages. 476 00:18:13,920 --> 00:18:17,009 It's classified has not been released. 477 00:18:17,010 --> 00:18:19,319 John Q. Cougher, who was the deputy 478 00:18:19,320 --> 00:18:21,479 in charge of the DIA ATF, 479 00:18:21,480 --> 00:18:23,399 testified regarding the DIA damage 480 00:18:23,400 --> 00:18:25,559 assessment as follows. 481 00:18:25,560 --> 00:18:28,139 We did not use the term damage. 482 00:18:28,140 --> 00:18:29,999 We were very careful. 483 00:18:30,000 --> 00:18:32,129 That's a statutory authority within the 484 00:18:32,130 --> 00:18:33,929 on sex. This office of the National 485 00:18:33,930 --> 00:18:35,639 Counterintelligence Executive. 486 00:18:35,640 --> 00:18:37,709 We were just. To look at the impact 487 00:18:37,710 --> 00:18:38,710 on DOD, 488 00:18:39,840 --> 00:18:41,519 Brigadier General Robert Carr, the 489 00:18:41,520 --> 00:18:43,859 counterintelligence expert who directed 490 00:18:43,860 --> 00:18:46,229 the DIA who was appointed 491 00:18:46,230 --> 00:18:48,599 by Burgess, is currently corporate 492 00:18:48,600 --> 00:18:50,369 lead executive for Northrop Grumman 493 00:18:50,370 --> 00:18:52,589 Business in the Fort Meade in Aberdeen, 494 00:18:52,590 --> 00:18:54,359 Maryland, area. 495 00:18:54,360 --> 00:18:56,759 Despite CA having testified 496 00:18:56,760 --> 00:18:58,379 that the impact of the disclosure 497 00:18:58,380 --> 00:19:00,149 continued to this day. 498 00:19:00,150 --> 00:19:01,469 So he said that the impact was 499 00:19:01,470 --> 00:19:02,489 continuing. 500 00:19:02,490 --> 00:19:04,739 He also testified that no assessment 501 00:19:04,740 --> 00:19:07,019 has ever been made to quantify 502 00:19:07,020 --> 00:19:09,029 the impact of the disclosures on, for 503 00:19:09,030 --> 00:19:11,279 example, cooperation between Iraqi 504 00:19:11,280 --> 00:19:13,779 or Afghanistan, Stani nationals 505 00:19:13,780 --> 00:19:15,029 and U.S. 506 00:19:15,030 --> 00:19:18,329 service members of military personnel. 507 00:19:18,330 --> 00:19:20,189 Carr testified that the disclosures did 508 00:19:20,190 --> 00:19:22,259 not contain direct references to 509 00:19:22,260 --> 00:19:25,229 HUMINT or human intelligence sources. 510 00:19:25,230 --> 00:19:27,389 The Afghan CEGEPs car testified 511 00:19:27,390 --> 00:19:29,549 contained around 900 names. 512 00:19:29,550 --> 00:19:31,529 But Carr also testified that many of 513 00:19:31,530 --> 00:19:33,329 those names were of people who were 514 00:19:33,330 --> 00:19:35,399 already dead or had died at 515 00:19:35,400 --> 00:19:36,839 some point on the battlefield. 516 00:19:38,730 --> 00:19:41,399 William Arkin from The Washington Post 517 00:19:41,400 --> 00:19:43,799 was recently at the CIA and he tweet 518 00:19:43,800 --> 00:19:46,289 that the 519 00:19:46,290 --> 00:19:48,959 damage assessment for the ATF, 520 00:19:48,960 --> 00:19:51,179 which was hyped up 521 00:19:51,180 --> 00:19:53,729 in the press for years and years 522 00:19:53,730 --> 00:19:56,159 now that Manning's been convicted to 35 523 00:19:56,160 --> 00:19:58,349 years, it's it's revealed that it was low 524 00:19:58,350 --> 00:19:59,350 to moderate. 525 00:20:01,320 --> 00:20:03,419 Today, we at least know 526 00:20:03,420 --> 00:20:06,119 the titles of approximately 527 00:20:06,120 --> 00:20:08,219 two hundred and thirty eight 528 00:20:08,220 --> 00:20:09,929 of the two hundred and forty charged 529 00:20:09,930 --> 00:20:12,479 documents under the Espionage Act 530 00:20:12,480 --> 00:20:14,429 and the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act has 531 00:20:14,430 --> 00:20:16,349 that Espionage Act clause reason to 532 00:20:16,350 --> 00:20:18,569 believe it could come to the injury 533 00:20:18,570 --> 00:20:20,459 of the United States. So when I say 534 00:20:20,460 --> 00:20:22,589 Espionage Act offenses, I'm referring to 535 00:20:22,590 --> 00:20:23,849 both. 536 00:20:23,850 --> 00:20:26,189 Manning was charged under the Computer 537 00:20:26,190 --> 00:20:28,019 Fraud and Abuse Act for all the State 538 00:20:28,020 --> 00:20:29,489 Department material. 539 00:20:29,490 --> 00:20:31,379 And then everything else that was related 540 00:20:31,380 --> 00:20:33,029 to the U.S. military was under the 541 00:20:33,030 --> 00:20:34,030 Espionage Act 542 00:20:35,940 --> 00:20:37,019 that was stealing U.S. government 543 00:20:37,020 --> 00:20:39,059 property stuff. But that's I don't want 544 00:20:39,060 --> 00:20:40,060 to complicate the issue. 545 00:20:42,180 --> 00:20:44,279 We do not know the names of 546 00:20:44,280 --> 00:20:45,599 two of the Guantanamo 547 00:20:46,620 --> 00:20:48,749 files. So two of the five Guantanamo 548 00:20:48,750 --> 00:20:50,400 files, we do not know the names of 549 00:20:52,080 --> 00:20:54,599 10 or 11 of the hundred and one charge 550 00:20:54,600 --> 00:20:56,939 cigarets from 551 00:20:56,940 --> 00:20:57,959 Iraq and Afghanistan. 552 00:20:57,960 --> 00:21:00,539 We do not know the name of military 553 00:21:00,540 --> 00:21:02,939 prosecutors failed to actually provide 554 00:21:02,940 --> 00:21:05,219 defense with the identity 555 00:21:05,220 --> 00:21:07,679 of ten of the hundred and one dissidents 556 00:21:07,680 --> 00:21:10,019 charged against Manning, despite multiple 557 00:21:10,020 --> 00:21:12,299 defense requests for them to do so. 558 00:21:14,090 --> 00:21:16,369 Why do I say the identity of 10 or 11 559 00:21:16,370 --> 00:21:19,279 cigarets are still unknown because 560 00:21:19,280 --> 00:21:21,349 an unclassified declaration 561 00:21:21,350 --> 00:21:23,359 of the classification review for the 562 00:21:23,360 --> 00:21:25,549 cigarets has a duplicate name 563 00:21:25,550 --> 00:21:27,529 in one of the entries. 564 00:21:27,530 --> 00:21:29,129 So that's why I say 10 or 11. 565 00:21:29,130 --> 00:21:30,130 It's unclear. 566 00:21:31,220 --> 00:21:33,589 We know the actual substance 567 00:21:33,590 --> 00:21:35,809 of 198 charge documents 568 00:21:35,810 --> 00:21:38,209 out of the 240 because they are published 569 00:21:38,210 --> 00:21:40,549 on the Internet, 76 570 00:21:40,550 --> 00:21:42,619 of the 101 cigarets from Iraq 571 00:21:42,620 --> 00:21:43,969 and Afghanistan. 572 00:21:43,970 --> 00:21:46,249 We can actually view on the Internet. 573 00:21:46,250 --> 00:21:47,749 One hundred and sixteen diplomatic 574 00:21:47,750 --> 00:21:49,849 cables. So all the diplomatic cables 575 00:21:49,850 --> 00:21:51,949 charged other than Reykjavik 576 00:21:51,950 --> 00:21:54,169 13, because Manning 577 00:21:54,170 --> 00:21:55,699 pled to a lesser included offense in the 578 00:21:55,700 --> 00:21:57,769 government, accepted it so that that's 579 00:21:57,770 --> 00:21:59,239 not espionage. 580 00:21:59,240 --> 00:22:01,309 So one hundred and sixteen cables 581 00:22:01,310 --> 00:22:03,499 from the two hundred fifty one thousand 582 00:22:03,500 --> 00:22:05,869 roughly from the netcentric diplomacy 583 00:22:05,870 --> 00:22:06,870 database. 584 00:22:08,090 --> 00:22:10,549 Three of the five Gitmo 585 00:22:10,550 --> 00:22:12,649 file that were charged 586 00:22:12,650 --> 00:22:14,779 in the Espionage Act, we know 587 00:22:14,780 --> 00:22:17,119 we know about the 2008 you say sick memo 588 00:22:17,120 --> 00:22:19,069 against WikiLeaks and we know about the 589 00:22:19,070 --> 00:22:21,769 two CIA red cell memos. 590 00:22:21,770 --> 00:22:23,959 So we have the titles 591 00:22:23,960 --> 00:22:26,419 but do not have access to copies of 592 00:22:26,420 --> 00:22:28,549 24 of the 101 593 00:22:28,550 --> 00:22:31,099 cigarets charged against Manning. 594 00:22:31,100 --> 00:22:32,569 That means that I couldn't find them on 595 00:22:32,570 --> 00:22:34,339 WikiLeaks, as far as I can tell, 596 00:22:35,510 --> 00:22:37,699 approximately 15 to 18 597 00:22:37,700 --> 00:22:40,759 CENTCOM documents, official documents 598 00:22:40,760 --> 00:22:43,069 pertaining to mass casualties 599 00:22:43,070 --> 00:22:45,319 from a major 4th 2009 600 00:22:45,320 --> 00:22:47,269 U.S. cluster bombing in the FA province 601 00:22:47,270 --> 00:22:49,459 of Afghanistan were also 602 00:22:49,460 --> 00:22:50,759 never published by WikiLeaks. 603 00:22:52,310 --> 00:22:53,809 So let's talk about the cigarets. 604 00:22:55,110 --> 00:22:57,259 There are 101 that are charged against 605 00:22:57,260 --> 00:22:58,489 Manning. 606 00:22:58,490 --> 00:23:00,769 They're all classified as secret, 607 00:23:00,770 --> 00:23:02,329 62 of them. 608 00:23:02,330 --> 00:23:04,459 So 62 of the 101 charged under 609 00:23:04,460 --> 00:23:06,829 the Espionage Act have 610 00:23:06,830 --> 00:23:08,569 information that was already in the 611 00:23:08,570 --> 00:23:10,939 public realm at the time 612 00:23:10,940 --> 00:23:11,940 of its disclosure. 613 00:23:13,070 --> 00:23:15,079 Before deploying to Iraq, Manning had 614 00:23:15,080 --> 00:23:17,269 worked on worldwide intelligence briefs 615 00:23:17,270 --> 00:23:18,919 for the commander of the 2nd Brigade 616 00:23:18,920 --> 00:23:21,019 Combat Team at Fort Drum in upstate 617 00:23:21,020 --> 00:23:22,939 New York, home of the 10th Mountain 618 00:23:22,940 --> 00:23:23,869 Division of the U.S. 619 00:23:23,870 --> 00:23:24,979 Army. 620 00:23:24,980 --> 00:23:27,229 The 2nd Brigade formed part of the Army's 621 00:23:27,230 --> 00:23:29,359 Global Response Force on 622 00:23:29,360 --> 00:23:31,369 call in case troop surges were needed 623 00:23:31,370 --> 00:23:32,959 anywhere in the world. 624 00:23:32,960 --> 00:23:34,969 In the Garrison Intelligence Shop, 625 00:23:34,970 --> 00:23:37,969 Atkins' Manning's commanding officer 626 00:23:37,970 --> 00:23:40,339 tasked Manning with rebuilding 627 00:23:40,340 --> 00:23:41,439 the incident tracker. 628 00:23:42,560 --> 00:23:44,419 This required Manning to back up hundreds 629 00:23:44,420 --> 00:23:46,729 of thousands of military field reports 630 00:23:46,730 --> 00:23:49,879 called significant activity, or cigarets 631 00:23:49,880 --> 00:23:51,949 from the wars in Afghanistan, 632 00:23:51,950 --> 00:23:53,569 where the 2nd Brigade was expected to 633 00:23:53,570 --> 00:23:55,759 deploy after Manning's unit 634 00:23:55,760 --> 00:23:58,099 was reassigned to forward operating 635 00:23:58,100 --> 00:24:00,229 base hammer in eastern Baghdad. 636 00:24:00,230 --> 00:24:02,329 She followed suit and created another 637 00:24:02,330 --> 00:24:04,819 backup of cigarets from the wars in Iraq. 638 00:24:05,960 --> 00:24:09,229 The back ups were made on rewritable CDs 639 00:24:09,230 --> 00:24:11,119 and stored in the intelligence shops 640 00:24:11,120 --> 00:24:14,239 shared conference room at FOB Hammer. 641 00:24:14,240 --> 00:24:16,189 Analysts could access the backups during 642 00:24:16,190 --> 00:24:18,319 periodic interruptions to network 643 00:24:18,320 --> 00:24:19,969 connectivity that occurred during 644 00:24:19,970 --> 00:24:22,039 deployment signals 645 00:24:22,040 --> 00:24:23,659 or normally housed on U.S. 646 00:24:23,660 --> 00:24:25,459 Central Command database called the 647 00:24:25,460 --> 00:24:27,709 Combined Information Data Network 648 00:24:27,710 --> 00:24:29,959 Exchange, or Sedney, which 649 00:24:29,960 --> 00:24:31,789 is accessible on a Department of Defense 650 00:24:31,790 --> 00:24:34,369 classified network called Supernet. 651 00:24:34,370 --> 00:24:36,019 Supernet, contained information 652 00:24:36,020 --> 00:24:38,779 classified up to the level of secret. 653 00:24:38,780 --> 00:24:40,999 Almost all the information the military 654 00:24:41,000 --> 00:24:42,649 presents to the White House and to 655 00:24:42,650 --> 00:24:45,019 Congress about the wars in Iraq 656 00:24:45,020 --> 00:24:47,239 and Afghanistan originates in the Sydney 657 00:24:47,240 --> 00:24:48,589 database. 658 00:24:48,590 --> 00:24:50,359 Thousands of military personnel, 659 00:24:50,360 --> 00:24:51,529 government employees and federal 660 00:24:51,530 --> 00:24:53,839 contractors have access to Sydney's 661 00:24:53,840 --> 00:24:56,059 various types of reporting, including 662 00:24:56,060 --> 00:24:58,219 human intelligence reports, or HUMINT, as 663 00:24:58,220 --> 00:24:59,869 well as cigarette's. 664 00:24:59,870 --> 00:25:02,059 Manning disclosed four hundred and 665 00:25:02,060 --> 00:25:04,069 eighty three thousand five hundred sixty 666 00:25:04,070 --> 00:25:06,199 three cigarets from the Sydney, Iraq 667 00:25:06,200 --> 00:25:08,689 and the Sydney, Afghanistan databases. 668 00:25:08,690 --> 00:25:10,819 WikiLeaks later published the material 669 00:25:10,820 --> 00:25:13,129 as the Iraq war logs and the Afghan 670 00:25:13,130 --> 00:25:14,569 war diary. 671 00:25:14,570 --> 00:25:16,789 Manning did not, however, disclose 672 00:25:16,790 --> 00:25:19,219 the other kinds of reporting 673 00:25:19,220 --> 00:25:21,859 from the Sydney database, like HUMINT 674 00:25:21,860 --> 00:25:23,000 or human intelligence. 675 00:25:24,180 --> 00:25:26,189 Which contained actual intelligence 676 00:25:26,190 --> 00:25:27,779 sources and methods. 677 00:25:27,780 --> 00:25:29,609 This suggests that Manning disclosed 678 00:25:29,610 --> 00:25:31,889 military prosecutors admitted at trial 679 00:25:31,890 --> 00:25:34,979 only represented 24 percent of Sydney. 680 00:25:34,980 --> 00:25:36,899 Manning told Lindh that she believed that 681 00:25:36,900 --> 00:25:38,789 the classification determination of the 682 00:25:38,790 --> 00:25:40,919 six, most of which were marked 683 00:25:40,920 --> 00:25:43,139 secret, was based primarily 684 00:25:43,140 --> 00:25:45,869 on their being housed on Supernet. 685 00:25:45,870 --> 00:25:47,309 While she knew that the reports were 686 00:25:47,310 --> 00:25:49,619 sensitive at the time of their creation. 687 00:25:49,620 --> 00:25:51,509 She told the court that she believed that 688 00:25:51,510 --> 00:25:53,699 their sensitivity decreased within 689 00:25:53,700 --> 00:25:55,859 48 to 72 hours 690 00:25:55,860 --> 00:25:57,659 as the information was either publicly 691 00:25:57,660 --> 00:25:59,879 released or the unit involved 692 00:25:59,880 --> 00:26:02,039 was no longer in the area and under 693 00:26:02,040 --> 00:26:03,040 threat. 694 00:26:03,810 --> 00:26:06,239 Man Manning regularly researched 695 00:26:06,240 --> 00:26:08,309 and reviewed the ground level accounts of 696 00:26:08,310 --> 00:26:10,649 events in Iraq and Afghanistan during 697 00:26:10,650 --> 00:26:12,899 her launch long shifts at FOB 698 00:26:12,900 --> 00:26:14,969 Hammer and she became deeply troubled 699 00:26:14,970 --> 00:26:16,259 by them. 700 00:26:16,260 --> 00:26:17,879 The cigarets that Manning uploaded to 701 00:26:17,880 --> 00:26:20,009 WikiLeaks are filled with references to 702 00:26:20,010 --> 00:26:22,109 the ubiquity and seeming triviality 703 00:26:22,110 --> 00:26:24,419 of death in wartime Iraq. 704 00:26:24,420 --> 00:26:26,069 At her trial, Manning said that she 705 00:26:26,070 --> 00:26:28,139 released the cigarets 706 00:26:28,140 --> 00:26:29,759 because she believed that a detailed 707 00:26:29,760 --> 00:26:31,829 analysis of data 708 00:26:31,830 --> 00:26:33,899 over a long period of time by different 709 00:26:33,900 --> 00:26:35,969 sectors of society might 710 00:26:35,970 --> 00:26:38,369 cause society to reevaluate 711 00:26:38,370 --> 00:26:40,649 that the need or even the desire 712 00:26:40,650 --> 00:26:43,319 to engage in counterterrorism 713 00:26:43,320 --> 00:26:45,389 and counterinsurgency operations 714 00:26:45,390 --> 00:26:47,549 that ignore the complex dynamics 715 00:26:47,550 --> 00:26:48,959 of people living in the affected 716 00:26:48,960 --> 00:26:50,489 environment each day. 717 00:26:52,080 --> 00:26:54,419 She further testified in attempting 718 00:26:54,420 --> 00:26:57,029 to conduct counterterrorism 719 00:26:57,030 --> 00:26:59,759 or CTY and counterinsurgency 720 00:26:59,760 --> 00:27:02,549 coin operations, we became obsessed 721 00:27:02,550 --> 00:27:04,559 with capturing and killing human targets 722 00:27:04,560 --> 00:27:06,839 on lists and not being suspicious 723 00:27:06,840 --> 00:27:09,149 of and avoiding cooperation 724 00:27:09,150 --> 00:27:11,339 with our host nation partners and 725 00:27:11,340 --> 00:27:13,319 ignoring ignoring the second and third 726 00:27:13,320 --> 00:27:15,509 order effects of accomplishing short 727 00:27:15,510 --> 00:27:17,579 term goals and missions. 728 00:27:17,580 --> 00:27:19,769 I believe that if the general public, 729 00:27:19,770 --> 00:27:21,869 especially the American public, had 730 00:27:21,870 --> 00:27:23,459 access to the information contained 731 00:27:23,460 --> 00:27:25,019 within Sydney, Iraq and Sydney, 732 00:27:25,020 --> 00:27:27,239 Afghanistan, this 733 00:27:27,240 --> 00:27:29,159 could spark a domestic debate on the role 734 00:27:29,160 --> 00:27:31,139 of the military in our foreign policy in 735 00:27:31,140 --> 00:27:33,059 general as it related to Iraq and 736 00:27:33,060 --> 00:27:34,619 Afghanistan. 737 00:27:34,620 --> 00:27:36,299 Manning remove the rewritable CDs. 738 00:27:36,300 --> 00:27:38,519 Backup's from the conference room 739 00:27:38,520 --> 00:27:40,139 in her containerized housing unit. 740 00:27:40,140 --> 00:27:42,449 She transferred the files to an SD card 741 00:27:42,450 --> 00:27:44,429 and transported them home on her mid tour 742 00:27:44,430 --> 00:27:45,430 leave. 743 00:27:45,960 --> 00:27:47,399 Prior to uploading the material to 744 00:27:47,400 --> 00:27:48,749 WikiLeaks, she called The Washington 745 00:27:48,750 --> 00:27:49,639 Post. 746 00:27:49,640 --> 00:27:51,269 She spoke with reporter who expressed 747 00:27:51,270 --> 00:27:53,519 skepticism about Manning 748 00:27:53,520 --> 00:27:55,229 Manning's claims and said she would have 749 00:27:55,230 --> 00:27:58,109 to check with the Post's senior editors. 750 00:27:58,110 --> 00:27:59,759 Manning then called the telephone number 751 00:27:59,760 --> 00:28:01,079 for the public editor at The New York 752 00:28:01,080 --> 00:28:03,150 Times in Wasilla and left a voicemail. 753 00:28:07,140 --> 00:28:09,239 I actually just found out who had like 754 00:28:09,240 --> 00:28:11,549 which position at The Washington Post 755 00:28:11,550 --> 00:28:13,619 actually got the call from for Manning. 756 00:28:13,620 --> 00:28:15,869 But, you know, Manning 757 00:28:15,870 --> 00:28:17,789 downloaded documents between February and 758 00:28:17,790 --> 00:28:20,069 April in 2010 and uploaded them 759 00:28:20,070 --> 00:28:22,259 to WikiLeaks at various times in 760 00:28:22,260 --> 00:28:24,389 the same period, both during her mid tour 761 00:28:24,390 --> 00:28:27,089 leave and while at FOB Hannum. 762 00:28:27,090 --> 00:28:29,309 OK, the titles 763 00:28:29,310 --> 00:28:31,679 of 37 SIG acts 764 00:28:31,680 --> 00:28:33,389 are contained in an unclassified 765 00:28:33,390 --> 00:28:35,099 declaration concerning the unreleased 766 00:28:35,100 --> 00:28:37,409 classification review, those 37 767 00:28:37,410 --> 00:28:39,209 SIG acts charged against Manning cover 768 00:28:39,210 --> 00:28:41,369 period from October 2006 to 769 00:28:41,370 --> 00:28:43,619 November 2009, 770 00:28:43,620 --> 00:28:45,689 the identity of 32 of 771 00:28:45,690 --> 00:28:47,879 the charge Afghans to Gex are available 772 00:28:47,880 --> 00:28:48,809 on the Internet. 773 00:28:48,810 --> 00:28:51,449 Most of them, at least 15 of them, 774 00:28:51,450 --> 00:28:53,639 concern IED explosions for 775 00:28:53,640 --> 00:28:56,010 the years 2008 and 2009. 776 00:28:57,030 --> 00:28:58,030 Incidentally, 777 00:28:59,310 --> 00:29:01,259 20 of the six charged against Manning for 778 00:29:01,260 --> 00:29:03,299 Iraq also concern IED explosions. 779 00:29:03,300 --> 00:29:05,519 It's probably the largest category 780 00:29:05,520 --> 00:29:06,999 of the hundred and one. 781 00:29:07,000 --> 00:29:09,119 We have access to 90 782 00:29:09,120 --> 00:29:11,459 of the cigarets, the names, and I know 783 00:29:11,460 --> 00:29:12,460 where they are. 784 00:29:13,380 --> 00:29:15,779 So 20 of those pertain 785 00:29:15,780 --> 00:29:17,519 to IEDs. 786 00:29:17,520 --> 00:29:19,169 Adam Class filled with courthouse news 787 00:29:19,170 --> 00:29:21,519 who covered Manning's trial has written 788 00:29:21,520 --> 00:29:23,939 the allegations of expected damage 789 00:29:23,940 --> 00:29:25,229 from government officials during 790 00:29:25,230 --> 00:29:27,509 sentencing portion of Manning's trial 791 00:29:27,510 --> 00:29:29,159 do not correlate to the public data 792 00:29:29,160 --> 00:29:30,270 around IEDs. 793 00:29:31,280 --> 00:29:33,919 Class rights overall, these numbers 794 00:29:33,920 --> 00:29:36,019 reflect a steady decline in the last few 795 00:29:36,020 --> 00:29:37,729 years in the number of U.S. 796 00:29:37,730 --> 00:29:40,369 fatalities resulting from IED attacks 797 00:29:40,370 --> 00:29:42,040 in the aftermath of the leak, 798 00:29:43,790 --> 00:29:46,339 though, injuries rose slightly in 2011. 799 00:29:46,340 --> 00:29:48,409 They dropped to nearly half a 800 00:29:48,410 --> 00:29:49,819 year later. 801 00:29:49,820 --> 00:29:51,949 One of the more interesting 802 00:29:51,950 --> 00:29:54,439 of the 101 acts and 803 00:29:54,440 --> 00:29:55,789 after you've just listed, we go through 804 00:29:55,790 --> 00:29:57,919 the ETF, you go, 805 00:29:57,920 --> 00:29:58,920 this is your reward. 806 00:30:00,170 --> 00:30:01,549 Charged against Manning under the 807 00:30:01,550 --> 00:30:04,489 Espionage Act concerns the kidnaping 808 00:30:04,490 --> 00:30:07,699 of a U.S. Army soldier, Bowe Bergdahl, 809 00:30:07,700 --> 00:30:09,430 from Utah, from a from Idaho. 810 00:30:10,670 --> 00:30:12,199 Bergdahl is allegedly still in the 811 00:30:12,200 --> 00:30:13,729 custody of his captors. 812 00:30:13,730 --> 00:30:16,069 So one of the six of the hundred 813 00:30:16,070 --> 00:30:18,139 and one suspects concerned 814 00:30:18,140 --> 00:30:19,519 the kidnaping of a U.S. 815 00:30:19,520 --> 00:30:22,369 soldier who is still in custody. 816 00:30:22,370 --> 00:30:23,749 His family said that they received a 817 00:30:23,750 --> 00:30:25,309 letter from him this summer, actually 818 00:30:25,310 --> 00:30:27,079 during Manning's trial. 819 00:30:27,080 --> 00:30:28,789 Manning wasn't mentioned in the article. 820 00:30:28,790 --> 00:30:30,919 I mean, it's two separate issues, 821 00:30:30,920 --> 00:30:31,920 but 822 00:30:33,230 --> 00:30:35,269 nevertheless, that that's what happened. 823 00:30:35,270 --> 00:30:37,399 According to a report a year earlier by 824 00:30:37,400 --> 00:30:39,559 the late Michael Hastings in a 825 00:30:39,560 --> 00:30:41,809 Rolling Stone magazine, Bergdahl 826 00:30:41,810 --> 00:30:43,699 became a pawn in the Pentagon's 827 00:30:43,700 --> 00:30:45,379 negotiations to end the war in 828 00:30:45,380 --> 00:30:46,909 Afghanistan. 829 00:30:46,910 --> 00:30:48,979 In Bergdahl's last email home to 830 00:30:48,980 --> 00:30:50,869 his parents before he was captured, he 831 00:30:50,870 --> 00:30:52,729 wrote the following. 832 00:30:52,730 --> 00:30:54,919 The future is too good to waste 833 00:30:54,920 --> 00:30:57,049 on lies and life is 834 00:30:57,050 --> 00:30:59,119 way too short to care 835 00:30:59,120 --> 00:31:01,249 for the damnation of others 836 00:31:01,250 --> 00:31:03,499 as well, to spend it helping fools with 837 00:31:03,500 --> 00:31:05,989 their ideas that are wrong. 838 00:31:05,990 --> 00:31:08,059 I have seen their ideas and I am 839 00:31:08,060 --> 00:31:10,789 ashamed to be an American. 840 00:31:10,790 --> 00:31:12,889 The honor of the self-righteous arrogance 841 00:31:12,890 --> 00:31:16,219 that they thrive on it is all revolting. 842 00:31:16,220 --> 00:31:18,109 His email continues. 843 00:31:18,110 --> 00:31:19,939 And the U.S. Army, you are cut down for 844 00:31:19,940 --> 00:31:21,229 being honest. 845 00:31:21,230 --> 00:31:23,329 But if you are conceited, if you 846 00:31:23,330 --> 00:31:26,029 are a conceited brownnosing shit bag, 847 00:31:26,030 --> 00:31:27,529 you will be allowed to do whatever you 848 00:31:27,530 --> 00:31:29,929 want and you will be handled, 849 00:31:29,930 --> 00:31:31,789 handed your higher rank. 850 00:31:31,790 --> 00:31:33,349 The system is just wrong. 851 00:31:33,350 --> 00:31:35,449 I am ashamed to be an American and 852 00:31:35,450 --> 00:31:36,499 the title of U.S. 853 00:31:36,500 --> 00:31:38,809 soldier is Just the lie of Fools. 854 00:31:39,890 --> 00:31:41,599 The U.S. Army is the biggest joke in the 855 00:31:41,600 --> 00:31:43,849 world and the world has 856 00:31:43,850 --> 00:31:44,899 to laugh at it. 857 00:31:44,900 --> 00:31:47,479 It is an army of liars, backstabbers, 858 00:31:47,480 --> 00:31:49,159 fools and bullies. 859 00:31:49,160 --> 00:31:51,109 The few good sergeants are getting out as 860 00:31:51,110 --> 00:31:52,849 soon as they can, and they are telling us 861 00:31:52,850 --> 00:31:54,709 privates to do the same. 862 00:31:54,710 --> 00:31:56,599 These people need help get. 863 00:31:56,600 --> 00:31:58,699 What they get is the most conceited 864 00:31:58,700 --> 00:32:00,619 country in the world, telling them that 865 00:32:00,620 --> 00:32:02,989 they are nothing and that they are stupid 866 00:32:02,990 --> 00:32:04,760 and that they have no idea how to live. 867 00:32:06,050 --> 00:32:08,149 Hastings writes that Bergdahl's parents 868 00:32:08,150 --> 00:32:10,099 believe that their sons witnessing of an 869 00:32:10,100 --> 00:32:12,289 Afghan child being run over 870 00:32:12,290 --> 00:32:14,899 by a mine resistant ambush patrol vehicle 871 00:32:14,900 --> 00:32:16,999 is what might have caused their 872 00:32:17,000 --> 00:32:19,189 son to snap and desert the U.S. 873 00:32:19,190 --> 00:32:21,379 Army before being captured 874 00:32:21,380 --> 00:32:22,380 in Afghanistan. 875 00:32:25,190 --> 00:32:27,289 We don't we don't even care when 876 00:32:27,290 --> 00:32:29,359 we hear this is he's riding home to 877 00:32:29,360 --> 00:32:31,009 his parents. We don't even care when we 878 00:32:31,010 --> 00:32:32,659 hear each other talk about running their 879 00:32:32,660 --> 00:32:34,699 children down in the dirt with our 880 00:32:34,700 --> 00:32:35,869 armored trucks. 881 00:32:35,870 --> 00:32:38,029 Bergdahl wrote, We make fun 882 00:32:38,030 --> 00:32:40,039 of them in front of their faces and laugh 883 00:32:40,040 --> 00:32:41,509 at them for not understanding. 884 00:32:41,510 --> 00:32:43,309 We are insulting them. 885 00:32:43,310 --> 00:32:45,709 Bergdahl responded to his son's last 886 00:32:45,710 --> 00:32:48,079 email message before he deserted 887 00:32:48,080 --> 00:32:50,179 and then was captured with a subject line 888 00:32:50,180 --> 00:32:52,640 entitled Obey Your Conscience. 889 00:32:53,890 --> 00:32:56,019 Dear Beau, his dad wrote 890 00:32:56,020 --> 00:32:57,579 in matters of life and death and 891 00:32:57,580 --> 00:32:59,829 especially of war, it is never safe 892 00:32:59,830 --> 00:33:01,719 to ignore one's conscience. 893 00:33:01,720 --> 00:33:03,939 Ethics demands obedience to 894 00:33:03,940 --> 00:33:05,439 our conscience. 895 00:33:05,440 --> 00:33:08,049 It is best to have a systematic 896 00:33:08,050 --> 00:33:09,999 oral defense of what our conscience 897 00:33:10,000 --> 00:33:10,959 demands. 898 00:33:10,960 --> 00:33:13,989 Stand with minded men when possible, 899 00:33:13,990 --> 00:33:15,909 Hasting concludes in his article about 900 00:33:15,910 --> 00:33:18,039 this. This particular soldier, ordinary 901 00:33:18,040 --> 00:33:20,319 soldiers, especially raw recruits, face 902 00:33:20,320 --> 00:33:22,449 comment for the first time and respond to 903 00:33:22,450 --> 00:33:24,339 the horror in all sorts of ways. 904 00:33:24,340 --> 00:33:25,989 Some take their own lives. 905 00:33:25,990 --> 00:33:28,299 After years of seemingly endless wars 906 00:33:28,300 --> 00:33:30,219 and repeat deployments, active duty 907 00:33:30,220 --> 00:33:31,179 soldiers in the U.S. 908 00:33:31,180 --> 00:33:33,519 Army are currently committing suicide 909 00:33:33,520 --> 00:33:35,769 at a rate of 910 00:33:35,770 --> 00:33:37,479 25 percent higher than the regular 911 00:33:37,480 --> 00:33:40,629 population, the civilian population. 912 00:33:40,630 --> 00:33:42,519 Other soldiers last lash out with 913 00:33:42,520 --> 00:33:44,559 unauthorized acts of violence. 914 00:33:44,560 --> 00:33:46,589 The staff sergeant charged with murdering 915 00:33:46,590 --> 00:33:48,729 a 17 Afghan civilians in their homes 916 00:33:48,730 --> 00:33:49,730 last March. 917 00:33:51,940 --> 00:33:53,529 The notorious kill team of U.S. 918 00:33:53,530 --> 00:33:55,209 soldiers who went on a shooting spree in 919 00:33:55,210 --> 00:33:57,819 2010, murdering civilians 920 00:33:57,820 --> 00:34:00,729 for sport and taking part in the 921 00:34:00,730 --> 00:34:02,289 corpses for trophies. 922 00:34:02,290 --> 00:34:04,449 Many come home permanently traumatized, 923 00:34:04,450 --> 00:34:06,789 unable to block out the nightmares. 924 00:34:06,790 --> 00:34:08,079 Bowe Bergdahl. 925 00:34:08,080 --> 00:34:09,669 Hastings, right, had a different 926 00:34:09,670 --> 00:34:11,529 response. He just walked away. 927 00:34:14,190 --> 00:34:15,839 And Manning had a different response as 928 00:34:15,840 --> 00:34:18,420 well, Panetta and Hillary. 929 00:34:20,429 --> 00:34:22,619 One senior official told Hastings, don't 930 00:34:22,620 --> 00:34:25,859 give a shit about Bowe Bergdahl. 931 00:34:25,860 --> 00:34:27,689 They want to be able to say that that 932 00:34:27,690 --> 00:34:30,329 they coined their way out of Afghanistan 933 00:34:30,330 --> 00:34:31,349 or whatever. 934 00:34:31,350 --> 00:34:32,789 So it doesn't look like they're cutting 935 00:34:32,790 --> 00:34:33,790 and running. 936 00:34:34,889 --> 00:34:36,779 We, the public, are still waiting for the 937 00:34:36,780 --> 00:34:38,428 military district of Washington to 938 00:34:38,429 --> 00:34:40,379 release the court ordered unclassified 939 00:34:40,380 --> 00:34:42,809 and redacted, quote, expedited, unquote, 940 00:34:42,810 --> 00:34:45,388 transcripts of the closed sessions. 941 00:34:45,389 --> 00:34:47,399 A similar problem arises when military 942 00:34:47,400 --> 00:34:49,349 prosecutors and their witnesses argue at 943 00:34:49,350 --> 00:34:52,289 trial and during the sentencing phase 944 00:34:52,290 --> 00:34:54,209 that the information Manning disclosed 945 00:34:54,210 --> 00:34:56,129 could potentially be used in future 946 00:34:56,130 --> 00:34:57,899 propaganda efforts by the enemies of the 947 00:34:57,900 --> 00:34:59,429 United States. 948 00:34:59,430 --> 00:35:01,499 Elizabeth Goitein of the 949 00:35:01,500 --> 00:35:03,059 Brennan Center for Justice at New York 950 00:35:03,060 --> 00:35:06,089 Law School has written that the absence 951 00:35:06,090 --> 00:35:08,159 of a limiting principle to the U.S. 952 00:35:08,160 --> 00:35:10,979 government's expanding justification 953 00:35:10,980 --> 00:35:13,589 for classification and its prosecution 954 00:35:13,590 --> 00:35:16,169 of whistleblowers who disclose it 955 00:35:16,170 --> 00:35:17,639 is alarming. 956 00:35:17,640 --> 00:35:19,379 The government's new justification for 957 00:35:19,380 --> 00:35:22,109 secrecy, she writes, will be strongest 958 00:35:22,110 --> 00:35:24,449 when its conduct most clearly violates 959 00:35:24,450 --> 00:35:26,159 accepted international norms. 960 00:35:28,900 --> 00:35:31,749 So the diplomatic cables is the second 961 00:35:31,750 --> 00:35:33,909 largest set, 962 00:35:33,910 --> 00:35:36,069 I should sort of clarify something, the 963 00:35:36,070 --> 00:35:38,439 cigarets and the the cigarets 964 00:35:38,440 --> 00:35:39,549 are sort of counted together. 965 00:35:39,550 --> 00:35:40,779 There are two different data sets. 966 00:35:40,780 --> 00:35:42,819 So the State Department cables would be 967 00:35:42,820 --> 00:35:44,499 the third data set and then the fourth 968 00:35:44,500 --> 00:35:46,060 one would be the Guantanamo files. 969 00:35:47,290 --> 00:35:49,029 This database contained two hundred and 970 00:35:49,030 --> 00:35:50,919 fifty one thousand two hundred and eighty 971 00:35:50,920 --> 00:35:52,809 seven documents. 972 00:35:52,810 --> 00:35:55,239 For the complete disclosure 973 00:35:55,240 --> 00:35:58,599 from the complete disclosure, 130000 974 00:35:58,600 --> 00:36:00,910 of those documents were unclassified. 975 00:36:02,190 --> 00:36:04,469 Hundreds. 100000 of them were labeled 976 00:36:04,470 --> 00:36:07,589 confidential and then 15000 977 00:36:07,590 --> 00:36:09,779 were classified at secret. 978 00:36:09,780 --> 00:36:12,000 None of the documents were top secret. 979 00:36:13,270 --> 00:36:15,489 Manning was charged under the 980 00:36:15,490 --> 00:36:18,339 Computer Fraud and Abuse Act for 116 981 00:36:18,340 --> 00:36:20,439 cables when the State 982 00:36:20,440 --> 00:36:22,869 Department initially gave the cables 983 00:36:22,870 --> 00:36:24,519 to military prosecutors. 984 00:36:24,520 --> 00:36:26,289 The prosecution had to go back to the 985 00:36:26,290 --> 00:36:28,359 State Department and ask them to 986 00:36:28,360 --> 00:36:30,459 please give them more because they 987 00:36:30,460 --> 00:36:33,119 needed more for the court martial. 988 00:36:33,120 --> 00:36:35,219 So they provided, I 989 00:36:35,220 --> 00:36:37,169 believe, the number and I have to double 990 00:36:37,170 --> 00:36:39,029 check on this, but I think it was 991 00:36:39,030 --> 00:36:41,369 somewhere between 50 and 75 992 00:36:41,370 --> 00:36:42,749 diplomatic cables to the military 993 00:36:42,750 --> 00:36:44,729 prosecutors and said, OK, you know, try 994 00:36:44,730 --> 00:36:46,139 him on the computer fraud and abuse act 995 00:36:46,140 --> 00:36:47,849 for these. And the military prosecutors 996 00:36:47,850 --> 00:36:49,379 like we need more. 997 00:36:49,380 --> 00:36:51,539 So that sort of tells you where 998 00:36:51,540 --> 00:36:52,540 that was at 999 00:36:53,610 --> 00:36:55,289 when the State Department initially gave 1000 00:36:55,290 --> 00:36:57,569 them those cables. 1001 00:36:57,570 --> 00:36:59,699 Sorry, the number of individuals actually 1002 00:36:59,700 --> 00:37:01,949 moved by the WikiLeaks persons at risk 1003 00:37:01,950 --> 00:37:04,349 group is actually classified that number. 1004 00:37:04,350 --> 00:37:06,629 But the number ranges somewhere between 1005 00:37:06,630 --> 00:37:08,010 20 and 30 people. 1006 00:37:10,700 --> 00:37:12,829 Firstly, the State Department was 1007 00:37:12,830 --> 00:37:14,989 aware for months that WikiLeaks was 1008 00:37:14,990 --> 00:37:16,339 in possession of the cables from the 1009 00:37:16,340 --> 00:37:18,409 netcentric diplomacy database, 1010 00:37:18,410 --> 00:37:20,539 WikiLeaks offered the State Department 1011 00:37:20,540 --> 00:37:23,089 to privately elect, quote, specific 1012 00:37:23,090 --> 00:37:25,429 instances, record numbers or names 1013 00:37:25,430 --> 00:37:27,619 where it considered the publication of 1014 00:37:27,620 --> 00:37:30,289 information would put individuals 1015 00:37:30,290 --> 00:37:32,419 or persons at significant 1016 00:37:32,420 --> 00:37:34,429 risk of harm that has already not been 1017 00:37:34,430 --> 00:37:35,959 addressed. 1018 00:37:35,960 --> 00:37:37,519 The State Department legal adviser, 1019 00:37:37,520 --> 00:37:39,679 Harold Koh, responded with a letter 1020 00:37:39,680 --> 00:37:41,839 stating that the diplomatic cables 1021 00:37:41,840 --> 00:37:43,579 were provided in violation of U.S. 1022 00:37:43,580 --> 00:37:44,509 law. 1023 00:37:44,510 --> 00:37:46,429 And as long as WikiLeaks was holding such 1024 00:37:46,430 --> 00:37:48,589 material, the violation 1025 00:37:48,590 --> 00:37:49,590 is ongoing. 1026 00:37:50,700 --> 00:37:53,069 The letter, as many of you may know, 1027 00:37:53,070 --> 00:37:54,869 is the basis for the suspension of 1028 00:37:54,870 --> 00:37:56,219 service by people 1029 00:37:57,810 --> 00:37:59,999 and other American service 1030 00:38:00,000 --> 00:38:02,069 providers, the former vice president 1031 00:38:02,070 --> 00:38:04,259 of PayPal, Osama Batur, said 1032 00:38:04,260 --> 00:38:06,659 on December 8th, 2010 that PayPal's 1033 00:38:06,660 --> 00:38:08,789 decision to suspend service to 1034 00:38:08,790 --> 00:38:10,979 WikiLeaks was a result of QoS 1035 00:38:10,980 --> 00:38:13,259 letter to 1036 00:38:13,260 --> 00:38:14,260 Assange. 1037 00:38:15,400 --> 00:38:16,899 Batur described the letter as stating 1038 00:38:16,900 --> 00:38:18,609 that WikiLeaks activities were deemed 1039 00:38:18,610 --> 00:38:20,140 illegal by the United States 1040 00:38:21,220 --> 00:38:23,349 in September 2011, the AP 1041 00:38:23,350 --> 00:38:24,939 conducted an unofficial review of the 1042 00:38:24,940 --> 00:38:27,129 State Department cables published by 1043 00:38:27,130 --> 00:38:28,479 WikiLeaks. 1044 00:38:28,480 --> 00:38:31,239 The AP found several of them comfortable 1045 00:38:31,240 --> 00:38:33,339 with their names out in the open 1046 00:38:33,340 --> 00:38:34,570 and no one fearing death. 1047 00:38:35,590 --> 00:38:37,839 Others already did their names cited as 1048 00:38:37,840 --> 00:38:39,939 sensitive in the context of long, long 1049 00:38:39,940 --> 00:38:42,459 resolved conflicts 1050 00:38:42,460 --> 00:38:44,169 or situations. 1051 00:38:44,170 --> 00:38:46,239 Some have publicly written or testified 1052 00:38:46,240 --> 00:38:47,799 at hearings about the supposedly 1053 00:38:47,800 --> 00:38:49,569 confidential information that they 1054 00:38:49,570 --> 00:38:50,870 provided to the US government. 1055 00:38:52,030 --> 00:38:53,829 The AP also reported that the total 1056 00:38:53,830 --> 00:38:55,959 damage appeared limited and 1057 00:38:55,960 --> 00:38:57,609 that the State Department had steadfastly 1058 00:38:57,610 --> 00:38:59,979 refused to describe any situation 1059 00:38:59,980 --> 00:39:02,229 in which they felt a source's sources. 1060 00:39:02,230 --> 00:39:03,849 Life was a danger. 1061 00:39:03,850 --> 00:39:05,559 Some have sorry, they said. 1062 00:39:05,560 --> 00:39:07,809 A handful of people had to be relocated 1063 00:39:07,810 --> 00:39:09,879 away from danger, but won't provide 1064 00:39:09,880 --> 00:39:11,800 any details on who those few cases are. 1065 00:39:13,210 --> 00:39:15,909 One cable charged against 1066 00:39:15,910 --> 00:39:16,910 Manning. 1067 00:39:19,610 --> 00:39:21,199 Under the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act is 1068 00:39:21,200 --> 00:39:23,989 entitled 087 Kingston, 1069 00:39:23,990 --> 00:39:25,449 Jamaica Malaria Update, 1070 00:39:26,480 --> 00:39:28,129 so these are the kinds of documents that 1071 00:39:28,130 --> 00:39:30,409 ultimately put Manning away for 35 1072 00:39:30,410 --> 00:39:31,410 years in prison. 1073 00:39:32,390 --> 00:39:34,669 This this one this is relates 1074 00:39:34,670 --> 00:39:35,749 to this this cable. 1075 00:39:35,750 --> 00:39:37,849 But this particular cable has left 1076 00:39:37,850 --> 00:39:40,039 a lot of commentators very confused 1077 00:39:40,040 --> 00:39:41,479 as to the national defense. 1078 00:39:43,740 --> 00:39:45,809 Matter or how it was useful to the 1079 00:39:45,810 --> 00:39:47,939 enemy when I asked national security 1080 00:39:47,940 --> 00:39:49,619 commentator Marcy Wheeler about the 1081 00:39:49,620 --> 00:39:51,779 Kingston Cable, she noted 1082 00:39:51,780 --> 00:39:54,059 that an October 2007 update 1083 00:39:54,060 --> 00:39:56,129 on the outbreak of malaria in Jamaica 1084 00:39:56,130 --> 00:39:58,199 was removed from the Center for Disease 1085 00:39:58,200 --> 00:40:00,359 Control website on January 1086 00:40:00,360 --> 00:40:02,639 14th, 2011, 1087 00:40:02,640 --> 00:40:04,319 around the time the diplomatic cables 1088 00:40:04,320 --> 00:40:06,629 were being published by WikiLeaks. 1089 00:40:06,630 --> 00:40:08,639 Wheeler speculates that the cable might 1090 00:40:08,640 --> 00:40:11,069 have been charged against Manning Manning 1091 00:40:11,070 --> 00:40:12,929 because military prosecutors wanted to 1092 00:40:12,930 --> 00:40:15,179 argue that it gives a roadmap for 1093 00:40:15,180 --> 00:40:17,249 how a country would respond to an act of 1094 00:40:17,250 --> 00:40:18,250 bioterrorism. 1095 00:40:24,920 --> 00:40:26,779 Military prosecutors called witnesses to 1096 00:40:26,780 --> 00:40:28,489 testify that the leaks affected 1097 00:40:28,490 --> 00:40:30,589 diplomatic reporting 1098 00:40:30,590 --> 00:40:31,969 and relationships with foreign 1099 00:40:31,970 --> 00:40:34,159 governments, Manning's defense 1100 00:40:34,160 --> 00:40:36,349 maintained that any impact on bilateral 1101 00:40:36,350 --> 00:40:39,199 relations was short term and temporary. 1102 00:40:39,200 --> 00:40:41,509 Reuters reported that government reviews 1103 00:40:41,510 --> 00:40:43,249 of the release of diplomatic cables 1104 00:40:43,250 --> 00:40:45,379 caused only, quote, limited damage to 1105 00:40:45,380 --> 00:40:47,479 U.S. interests abroad, despite the Obama 1106 00:40:47,480 --> 00:40:49,579 administration's public statements 1107 00:40:49,580 --> 00:40:51,469 to the contrary, unquote. 1108 00:40:51,470 --> 00:40:53,449 A congressional aide briefed by the State 1109 00:40:53,450 --> 00:40:55,579 Department was quoted saying the 1110 00:40:55,580 --> 00:40:57,679 revelations were, quote, embarrassing but 1111 00:40:57,680 --> 00:40:59,209 not damaging, unquote. 1112 00:41:01,390 --> 00:41:03,459 The quote continues, Obama administration 1113 00:41:03,460 --> 00:41:05,559 felt compelled to say publicly 1114 00:41:05,560 --> 00:41:07,179 that the revelations had seriously 1115 00:41:07,180 --> 00:41:09,369 damaged American interests in order to 1116 00:41:09,370 --> 00:41:11,439 bolster legal efforts to shut down 1117 00:41:11,440 --> 00:41:13,509 WikiLeaks website and to bring charges 1118 00:41:13,510 --> 00:41:14,510 against the leakers. 1119 00:41:16,030 --> 00:41:17,199 OK, so now we're going to talk about the 1120 00:41:17,200 --> 00:41:18,699 Guantanamo files. 1121 00:41:18,700 --> 00:41:20,379 The worst of the worst. 1122 00:41:20,380 --> 00:41:22,719 I mean, the brilliant American 1123 00:41:22,720 --> 00:41:24,129 intelligence leaked out onto the 1124 00:41:24,130 --> 00:41:25,509 Internet. I don't know what we're going 1125 00:41:25,510 --> 00:41:26,709 to do, but. 1126 00:41:30,270 --> 00:41:32,459 The south the South com database contains 1127 00:41:32,460 --> 00:41:34,079 seven hundred and seventy nine detainee 1128 00:41:34,080 --> 00:41:36,239 assessment briefs 1129 00:41:36,240 --> 00:41:38,489 called the Gitmo files, but 1130 00:41:38,490 --> 00:41:41,569 there are memoranda from 1131 00:41:41,570 --> 00:41:44,009 Gitmo and Manning 1132 00:41:44,010 --> 00:41:45,929 was charged under the Espionage Act for 1133 00:41:45,930 --> 00:41:47,549 five of them. 1134 00:41:47,550 --> 00:41:49,889 So out of the 779, 1135 00:41:49,890 --> 00:41:52,049 we know that three of them 1136 00:41:52,050 --> 00:41:54,359 are the Tipton three, which are 1137 00:41:54,360 --> 00:41:56,489 there are three British citizens from 1138 00:41:56,490 --> 00:41:58,679 Tipton, England, who were held 1139 00:41:58,680 --> 00:42:00,749 at Guantanamo for two years 1140 00:42:00,750 --> 00:42:02,009 and then released without trial or 1141 00:42:02,010 --> 00:42:03,479 charges. 1142 00:42:03,480 --> 00:42:04,889 They are Shafiq Rasul, 1143 00:42:06,360 --> 00:42:08,969 Raoul Ahmed and Asif Iqbal. 1144 00:42:10,720 --> 00:42:12,849 Some of you may remember how 1145 00:42:12,850 --> 00:42:15,009 a former Gitmo guard in 1146 00:42:15,010 --> 00:42:17,379 Iraq named Brandon Neely 1147 00:42:17,380 --> 00:42:18,399 flew to the U.K. 1148 00:42:18,400 --> 00:42:20,619 in January 2010 to make amends 1149 00:42:20,620 --> 00:42:22,449 to Ahmed and Rasul. 1150 00:42:24,380 --> 00:42:25,819 Some of you may also remember 1151 00:42:27,530 --> 00:42:29,899 that they've made 1152 00:42:29,900 --> 00:42:31,819 films of anti Guantanamo Bay 1153 00:42:31,820 --> 00:42:33,409 documentaries. 1154 00:42:33,410 --> 00:42:34,429 Well, the U.S. 1155 00:42:34,430 --> 00:42:36,139 government considers all three of them 1156 00:42:36,140 --> 00:42:38,239 terrorists, recidivists 1157 00:42:38,240 --> 00:42:40,339 because they are former detainees 1158 00:42:40,340 --> 00:42:42,199 involved in anti-American propaganda or 1159 00:42:42,200 --> 00:42:43,200 criticism. 1160 00:42:45,190 --> 00:42:47,469 So now 1161 00:42:47,470 --> 00:42:48,939 we go to the FERA documents, we don't 1162 00:42:48,940 --> 00:42:50,409 have access to these documents, they were 1163 00:42:50,410 --> 00:42:52,629 never published, but they they all 1164 00:42:52,630 --> 00:42:54,999 concern the mass casualties 1165 00:42:55,000 --> 00:42:55,899 and the U.S. 1166 00:42:55,900 --> 00:42:58,479 government and the military's policy 1167 00:42:58,480 --> 00:43:00,309 for dealing with those mass mass 1168 00:43:00,310 --> 00:43:02,739 casualties that related from three 1169 00:43:02,740 --> 00:43:04,869 strikes. This one, these documents 1170 00:43:04,870 --> 00:43:06,699 pertain specifically to the Garani air 1171 00:43:06,700 --> 00:43:09,279 strike, which is separate from the charge 1172 00:43:09,280 --> 00:43:11,439 related to the Grainey air strike video 1173 00:43:11,440 --> 00:43:13,239 which Manning was found not guilty of. 1174 00:43:15,010 --> 00:43:15,999 We know their names. 1175 00:43:16,000 --> 00:43:18,249 And it's 1176 00:43:18,250 --> 00:43:20,379 interesting because just September 1177 00:43:20,380 --> 00:43:22,899 a, 2013, two months ago, 1178 00:43:22,900 --> 00:43:25,299 The Nation published an article about 1179 00:43:25,300 --> 00:43:27,339 some of these documents that had been 1180 00:43:27,340 --> 00:43:29,949 released after Manning was convicted 1181 00:43:29,950 --> 00:43:31,239 and the rationale. 1182 00:43:31,240 --> 00:43:33,339 So all of these documents that Manning 1183 00:43:33,340 --> 00:43:35,679 released here will show you, 1184 00:43:35,680 --> 00:43:37,059 according to this nation article, 1185 00:43:37,060 --> 00:43:38,349 although they don't really tie it to 1186 00:43:38,350 --> 00:43:41,139 Manning, exactly why 1187 00:43:41,140 --> 00:43:43,089 the U.S. government established the two 1188 00:43:43,090 --> 00:43:45,249 fragos and how 1189 00:43:45,250 --> 00:43:47,499 this FRAGO, these two fragos, 1190 00:43:47,500 --> 00:43:50,079 were causing major divisions 1191 00:43:50,080 --> 00:43:51,729 within the military because 1192 00:43:53,260 --> 00:43:54,729 people weren't following them and they 1193 00:43:54,730 --> 00:43:57,099 weren't stopping the hemorrhaging 1194 00:43:57,100 --> 00:43:58,779 of mass casualties by U.S. 1195 00:43:58,780 --> 00:44:00,849 cluster bombing in Afghanistan at the 1196 00:44:00,850 --> 00:44:03,099 time. So there's a rationale to this 1197 00:44:03,100 --> 00:44:04,360 week for Manning. 1198 00:44:07,450 --> 00:44:09,999 I want to talk to you about 1199 00:44:10,000 --> 00:44:11,229 the Garani airstrike. 1200 00:44:14,850 --> 00:44:16,979 This is these documents relate, this is 1201 00:44:16,980 --> 00:44:19,169 a burn victim from the grainy airstrike. 1202 00:44:20,250 --> 00:44:22,249 So these dots, these this picture relates 1203 00:44:22,250 --> 00:44:24,449 to both the grainy airstrike video which 1204 00:44:24,450 --> 00:44:26,729 Manning was found not guilty of and then 1205 00:44:26,730 --> 00:44:28,799 the documents which she was found guilty 1206 00:44:28,800 --> 00:44:31,079 of. The interesting 1207 00:44:31,080 --> 00:44:32,999 thing about the grainy airstrike is that 1208 00:44:33,000 --> 00:44:34,679 the government wanted to allege that 1209 00:44:34,680 --> 00:44:37,229 Manning had disclosed it 1210 00:44:37,230 --> 00:44:39,329 in a basically 1211 00:44:39,330 --> 00:44:41,429 in November, trying to push the 1212 00:44:41,430 --> 00:44:43,499 date as close to the time that Manning 1213 00:44:43,500 --> 00:44:44,659 arrived in Iraq. 1214 00:44:44,660 --> 00:44:46,109 And then when I talked about earlier that 1215 00:44:46,110 --> 00:44:48,209 Manning pled to different dates, 1216 00:44:48,210 --> 00:44:50,549 a major part of the drama of the trial 1217 00:44:50,550 --> 00:44:52,859 was the fact that Manning said, no, I 1218 00:44:52,860 --> 00:44:55,019 leaked these documents and 1219 00:44:55,020 --> 00:44:56,759 the videos in April. 1220 00:44:56,760 --> 00:44:58,529 The reason why government prosecutors, 1221 00:44:58,530 --> 00:44:59,849 they didn't have the forensic evidence 1222 00:44:59,850 --> 00:45:02,009 and Manning was found not guilty 1223 00:45:02,010 --> 00:45:04,199 is because the grainy airstrike 1224 00:45:04,200 --> 00:45:05,519 video ties to the U.S. 1225 00:45:05,520 --> 00:45:07,529 grand jury investigating WikiLeaks and 1226 00:45:07,530 --> 00:45:08,530 seven civilians. 1227 00:45:10,290 --> 00:45:12,420 That is continuing today. 1228 00:45:14,160 --> 00:45:16,260 So I just want to quickly go through 1229 00:45:17,850 --> 00:45:20,159 actually, the grand jury started before 1230 00:45:20,160 --> 00:45:21,929 many people allege in the press alleges 1231 00:45:21,930 --> 00:45:24,659 it was actually up and operational 1232 00:45:24,660 --> 00:45:26,819 in September 2010 as 1233 00:45:26,820 --> 00:45:28,889 this email that was recently released 1234 00:45:28,890 --> 00:45:31,590 by military prosecutors details. 1235 00:45:33,500 --> 00:45:35,659 And the 1236 00:45:35,660 --> 00:45:36,709 you know, the eastern district of 1237 00:45:36,710 --> 00:45:39,229 Virginia is commonly understood to be 1238 00:45:39,230 --> 00:45:41,689 and is in fact responsible 1239 00:45:41,690 --> 00:45:44,419 for the grand jury impaneled, 1240 00:45:44,420 --> 00:45:46,069 they're investigating civilians, 1241 00:45:46,070 --> 00:45:47,449 including Julian Assange and the 1242 00:45:47,450 --> 00:45:49,339 founders, owners, managers of WikiLeaks. 1243 00:45:49,340 --> 00:45:51,169 But the investigation also goes into the 1244 00:45:51,170 --> 00:45:52,909 southern district of New York. 1245 00:45:52,910 --> 00:45:54,589 And this document that was recently 1246 00:45:54,590 --> 00:45:56,659 released details 1247 00:45:57,680 --> 00:45:59,029 these attachments. 1248 00:45:59,030 --> 00:46:00,379 We don't have the attachments. 1249 00:46:00,380 --> 00:46:01,849 And if you see the whole document, it's 1250 00:46:01,850 --> 00:46:04,129 just black, completely blacked out. 1251 00:46:04,130 --> 00:46:06,469 But these are actually more sealed orders 1252 00:46:06,470 --> 00:46:09,349 for other electronic communication orders 1253 00:46:09,350 --> 00:46:11,059 if you look under attachments that relate 1254 00:46:11,060 --> 00:46:12,199 to the grand jury. 1255 00:46:12,200 --> 00:46:14,299 So, you know, the Twitter 1256 00:46:14,300 --> 00:46:16,429 is an issue. Twitter 23d, you 1257 00:46:16,430 --> 00:46:18,859 know, Jake Appelbaum, Brigitta Johnson, 1258 00:46:18,860 --> 00:46:19,860 these are more of them. 1259 00:46:20,960 --> 00:46:23,299 And here are some more 1260 00:46:23,300 --> 00:46:24,499 and some search warrants to. 1261 00:46:27,680 --> 00:46:30,589 This is the classified, 1262 00:46:30,590 --> 00:46:32,359 weirdly enough, the Manning Lamo chat 1263 00:46:32,360 --> 00:46:33,949 logs are actually classified, if you can 1264 00:46:33,950 --> 00:46:35,299 actually believe it. 1265 00:46:35,300 --> 00:46:37,309 So one thing that we don't have access to 1266 00:46:37,310 --> 00:46:38,310 in the court, 1267 00:46:41,510 --> 00:46:42,510 I. 1268 00:46:43,380 --> 00:46:45,209 I wanted to say that, you know, Manning 1269 00:46:45,210 --> 00:46:46,649 is confined to the U.S. disciplinary 1270 00:46:46,650 --> 00:46:48,899 barracks at Fort Leavenworth in Kansas. 1271 00:46:48,900 --> 00:46:51,269 Her case must be reviewed and approved 1272 00:46:51,270 --> 00:46:53,159 by the convening authority, Major General 1273 00:46:53,160 --> 00:46:54,389 Jeffrey Buchanan. 1274 00:46:54,390 --> 00:46:56,279 This process is referred to as taking the 1275 00:46:56,280 --> 00:46:57,809 action on a case. 1276 00:46:57,810 --> 00:47:00,299 Buchanan has the power to disapprove 1277 00:47:00,300 --> 00:47:02,249 any conviction and or to reduce Manning's 1278 00:47:02,250 --> 00:47:04,829 sentence once Buchanan takes action. 1279 00:47:04,830 --> 00:47:06,929 The case will be automatically reviewed 1280 00:47:06,930 --> 00:47:08,939 by the Army Court of Criminal Appeals. 1281 00:47:08,940 --> 00:47:10,139 Such a review by A. 1282 00:47:10,140 --> 00:47:11,429 could take years. 1283 00:47:11,430 --> 00:47:13,169 Manning's defense attorney has filed an 1284 00:47:13,170 --> 00:47:15,119 application seeking a presidential pardon 1285 00:47:15,120 --> 00:47:16,529 from President Obama. 1286 00:47:16,530 --> 00:47:18,869 King says it is unlikely that the request 1287 00:47:18,870 --> 00:47:20,459 will be granted. 1288 00:47:20,460 --> 00:47:22,199 Obama has only granted nine pardon 1289 00:47:22,200 --> 00:47:23,879 requests during his presidency, and he's 1290 00:47:23,880 --> 00:47:25,859 never granted a pardon for someone who 1291 00:47:25,860 --> 00:47:28,199 has previously said was guilty. 1292 00:47:28,200 --> 00:47:29,399 I wanted to say something else just about 1293 00:47:29,400 --> 00:47:30,599 the grand jury. 1294 00:47:30,600 --> 00:47:32,339 The National Security Division of the 1295 00:47:32,340 --> 00:47:34,769 Department of Justice is responsible 1296 00:47:34,770 --> 00:47:36,629 with EVA, the Eastern District of 1297 00:47:36,630 --> 00:47:39,419 Virginia, for the WikiLeaks grand jury. 1298 00:47:39,420 --> 00:47:41,339 And why that's important to know is that 1299 00:47:41,340 --> 00:47:43,709 in order to decline a prosecution, 1300 00:47:43,710 --> 00:47:45,899 once you've established an investigation 1301 00:47:45,900 --> 00:47:47,880 that is a national security 1302 00:47:49,170 --> 00:47:51,089 is categorized as a national security 1303 00:47:51,090 --> 00:47:53,189 investigation and that 1304 00:47:53,190 --> 00:47:55,259 it is in the national security vision in 1305 00:47:55,260 --> 00:47:56,789 and of itself is shows that it's a 1306 00:47:56,790 --> 00:47:58,979 national security investigation, 1307 00:47:58,980 --> 00:48:01,799 requires the approval 1308 00:48:01,800 --> 00:48:02,800 of the assistant 1309 00:48:04,440 --> 00:48:06,539 attorney general of the national security 1310 00:48:06,540 --> 00:48:09,119 division, the counterespionage section, 1311 00:48:09,120 --> 00:48:10,539 or higher ups. 1312 00:48:10,540 --> 00:48:12,779 So when you see this, you know, stuff 1313 00:48:12,780 --> 00:48:14,789 going on in the press about the grand 1314 00:48:14,790 --> 00:48:17,309 jury and, you know, 1315 00:48:17,310 --> 00:48:18,719 this is a very serious matter. 1316 00:48:18,720 --> 00:48:20,339 This is not a joke here. 1317 00:48:20,340 --> 00:48:22,259 There there are real forces at play in 1318 00:48:22,260 --> 00:48:24,779 the United States and it's an interagency 1319 00:48:24,780 --> 00:48:26,849 investigation. It is being 1320 00:48:26,850 --> 00:48:28,349 it's been a coordinated partnership 1321 00:48:28,350 --> 00:48:29,969 between the Department of State, the 1322 00:48:29,970 --> 00:48:31,589 Department of Justice and the Department 1323 00:48:31,590 --> 00:48:34,529 of Defense, the CIA, the NSA 1324 00:48:34,530 --> 00:48:36,659 on six and other government 1325 00:48:36,660 --> 00:48:38,549 agencies. It is the largest criminal 1326 00:48:38,550 --> 00:48:40,619 investigation ever conducted into a 1327 00:48:40,620 --> 00:48:42,090 publisher and its source. 1328 00:48:44,070 --> 00:48:46,169 It presents a tremendous danger 1329 00:48:46,170 --> 00:48:48,479 to democracy and the rule 1330 00:48:48,480 --> 00:48:50,249 of law that it's being allowed to 1331 00:48:50,250 --> 00:48:52,529 continue and that members of the press 1332 00:48:52,530 --> 00:48:55,469 and the public are in this like gossip 1333 00:48:55,470 --> 00:48:57,479 fest about it. 1334 00:48:57,480 --> 00:48:58,889 I mean, this is a serious criminal 1335 00:48:58,890 --> 00:48:59,890 investigation. 1336 00:49:01,140 --> 00:49:02,159 And, you know, the U.S. 1337 00:49:02,160 --> 00:49:04,259 government considers WikiLeaks to be 1338 00:49:04,260 --> 00:49:05,939 a national security threat. 1339 00:49:05,940 --> 00:49:07,919 James Clapper, the director of national 1340 00:49:07,920 --> 00:49:10,019 intelligence, said so in front of two 1341 00:49:10,020 --> 00:49:12,449 high level Senate Intelligence and 1342 00:49:12,450 --> 00:49:13,919 Armed Services Committees. 1343 00:49:13,920 --> 00:49:16,079 So I just wanted to end with 1344 00:49:16,080 --> 00:49:18,299 saying that I think that Manning's 1345 00:49:18,300 --> 00:49:20,489 story is fundamentally like 1346 00:49:20,490 --> 00:49:22,499 the greatest war story of our generation. 1347 00:49:23,640 --> 00:49:25,900 It's are all quiet on the western front. 1348 00:49:27,180 --> 00:49:29,759 I am young, I am 20 years old, 1349 00:49:29,760 --> 00:49:32,279 yet I know nothing of life but despair, 1350 00:49:32,280 --> 00:49:34,469 death, fear and 1351 00:49:34,470 --> 00:49:36,749 fatuous superficiality cast over 1352 00:49:36,750 --> 00:49:38,729 an abyss of sorrow. 1353 00:49:38,730 --> 00:49:40,529 I see how people are set against one 1354 00:49:40,530 --> 00:49:42,899 another and in silence, unknowingly, 1355 00:49:42,900 --> 00:49:45,689 foolishly, obediently, innocently 1356 00:49:45,690 --> 00:49:47,339 slay one another. 1357 00:49:47,340 --> 00:49:49,379 It is our thin red line. 1358 00:49:49,380 --> 00:49:51,719 Maybe all men got one big soul. 1359 00:49:51,720 --> 00:49:53,369 Everybody is a part of it. 1360 00:49:53,370 --> 00:49:56,339 All faces are the same man 1361 00:49:56,340 --> 00:49:58,859 and it is our catch 22. 1362 00:49:58,860 --> 00:50:00,359 It was miraculous. 1363 00:50:00,360 --> 00:50:02,189 It was almost no trick at all. 1364 00:50:02,190 --> 00:50:05,129 He saw turned vice into virtue 1365 00:50:05,130 --> 00:50:07,649 and slander, into truth, impotence, 1366 00:50:07,650 --> 00:50:09,869 into abstinence, arrogance, into 1367 00:50:09,870 --> 00:50:12,869 humility, plunderer, into philanthropy, 1368 00:50:12,870 --> 00:50:15,239 thievery and to honor arrogance 1369 00:50:15,240 --> 00:50:16,240 into humility, 1370 00:50:17,940 --> 00:50:20,399 sorry, blasphemy to wisdom, brutality 1371 00:50:20,400 --> 00:50:22,529 and to patriotism and sadism 1372 00:50:22,530 --> 00:50:23,759 into justice. 1373 00:50:23,760 --> 00:50:25,199 Anybody could do it. 1374 00:50:25,200 --> 00:50:27,509 It is it required no brains at all. 1375 00:50:27,510 --> 00:50:30,329 It required merely no character 1376 00:50:30,330 --> 00:50:31,330 and. 1377 00:50:32,900 --> 00:50:34,339 Bradley Manning, I'm sorry, Chelsea 1378 00:50:34,340 --> 00:50:36,559 Manning is story is 1379 00:50:36,560 --> 00:50:38,419 actually also our trial. 1380 00:50:38,420 --> 00:50:40,549 This is a entry into a 1381 00:50:40,550 --> 00:50:43,069 multi-page document concerning 1382 00:50:43,070 --> 00:50:45,229 her behavior every two minutes 1383 00:50:45,230 --> 00:50:46,399 at the Quantico brig. 1384 00:50:47,680 --> 00:50:48,750 So I'll end with that. 1385 00:50:50,440 --> 00:50:51,440 Thank you. 1386 00:51:02,830 --> 00:51:05,319 We now have eight minutes for Q&A. 1387 00:51:05,320 --> 00:51:07,149 So if you have a question, there are four 1388 00:51:07,150 --> 00:51:09,279 mikes, one, two there and two there. 1389 00:51:09,280 --> 00:51:11,709 And you can also go on the AC on 1390 00:51:11,710 --> 00:51:13,719 probably on Twitter. 1391 00:51:13,720 --> 00:51:15,849 So we'll just go ahead 1392 00:51:15,850 --> 00:51:18,069 and start with you, number one. 1393 00:51:18,070 --> 00:51:20,289 Hello. Uh, first off, I want 1394 00:51:20,290 --> 00:51:22,359 to say thank you for being a demanding 1395 00:51:22,360 --> 00:51:24,639 trial when other journalists 1396 00:51:24,640 --> 00:51:25,640 around. 1397 00:51:34,140 --> 00:51:36,239 I wanted to ask about 1398 00:51:36,240 --> 00:51:38,339 closed sessions, part of the 1399 00:51:38,340 --> 00:51:39,569 trial. 1400 00:51:39,570 --> 00:51:40,570 Do you think 1401 00:51:41,760 --> 00:51:44,369 there are stuff talked about that we 1402 00:51:44,370 --> 00:51:46,380 don't know about, like 1403 00:51:47,460 --> 00:51:49,259 things that weren't leaked yet? 1404 00:51:49,260 --> 00:51:51,779 Or was it just the 1405 00:51:51,780 --> 00:51:54,269 usual ridiculous secrecy 1406 00:51:54,270 --> 00:51:55,889 around us? 1407 00:51:55,890 --> 00:51:57,999 It's I suspect it's the 1408 00:51:58,000 --> 00:52:00,299 unusual, the usual secrecy around 1409 00:52:00,300 --> 00:52:02,429 this that, you know, is poor 1410 00:52:02,430 --> 00:52:03,659 and part and parcel with the US 1411 00:52:03,660 --> 00:52:04,919 government right now. 1412 00:52:04,920 --> 00:52:07,139 Defense has said 1413 00:52:07,140 --> 00:52:09,570 that nothing was said in the session that 1414 00:52:10,740 --> 00:52:12,839 caused them any alarm, that it was all 1415 00:52:12,840 --> 00:52:14,909 just generalities and buzzwords like IED 1416 00:52:14,910 --> 00:52:16,439 explosions, but they never really talked 1417 00:52:16,440 --> 00:52:18,450 about how it actually caused damage. 1418 00:52:20,820 --> 00:52:22,409 Number two, please. 1419 00:52:22,410 --> 00:52:24,679 So thanks for your talk. 1420 00:52:24,680 --> 00:52:26,309 Was really great. And thanks for the work 1421 00:52:26,310 --> 00:52:27,509 that you're doing. You're the only 1422 00:52:27,510 --> 00:52:28,829 journalist in the whole world that's 1423 00:52:28,830 --> 00:52:30,130 actually covering this in depth. 1424 00:52:31,200 --> 00:52:32,849 I had one one correction and one 1425 00:52:32,850 --> 00:52:35,129 question. OK, so the correction is that 1426 00:52:35,130 --> 00:52:36,929 WikiLeaks is not a national security 1427 00:52:36,930 --> 00:52:38,369 threat. We're a national security 1428 00:52:38,370 --> 00:52:39,370 promise. 1429 00:52:43,440 --> 00:52:44,849 And second of all, 1430 00:52:46,350 --> 00:52:48,269 I think that it would be really useful to 1431 00:52:48,270 --> 00:52:50,579 try to organize a lot of FOIA Privacy 1432 00:52:50,580 --> 00:52:52,559 Act requests, and there are a lot of 1433 00:52:52,560 --> 00:52:53,999 people whose lives have been destroyed by 1434 00:52:54,000 --> 00:52:55,319 this grand jury. 1435 00:52:55,320 --> 00:52:57,419 I've been targeted by it like 10 1436 00:52:57,420 --> 00:52:59,079 people in this audience that I've seen. 1437 00:52:59,080 --> 00:53:00,659 I'm pretty sure we're also targeted by 1438 00:53:00,660 --> 00:53:02,939 it. So is there a way that we can work 1439 00:53:02,940 --> 00:53:05,009 with you to try 1440 00:53:05,010 --> 00:53:07,019 to get as many documents as we possibly 1441 00:53:07,020 --> 00:53:09,689 can to show the sort of new McCarthyist 1442 00:53:09,690 --> 00:53:11,309 crackdown on WikiLeaks and people who 1443 00:53:11,310 --> 00:53:12,389 care about these topics? 1444 00:53:12,390 --> 00:53:14,519 I have about 200 photos out right now, 1445 00:53:14,520 --> 00:53:15,779 and I'm actually going to be suing the 1446 00:53:15,780 --> 00:53:17,159 government next week, but I don't want to 1447 00:53:17,160 --> 00:53:18,719 announce what I'm suing them over. 1448 00:53:18,720 --> 00:53:20,219 So, yes, there is something that's going 1449 00:53:20,220 --> 00:53:21,989 on. I mean, the important thing with this 1450 00:53:21,990 --> 00:53:24,059 is also to kind of 1451 00:53:24,060 --> 00:53:26,429 lay down low, like I'm pretty. 1452 00:53:26,430 --> 00:53:27,869 I know the documents for the Manning 1453 00:53:27,870 --> 00:53:29,459 trial and I'm going to get everything out 1454 00:53:29,460 --> 00:53:30,479 of the government that I can. 1455 00:53:30,480 --> 00:53:31,889 And I'm going to I have an attorney to 1456 00:53:31,890 --> 00:53:34,019 help me do that. So so should we 1457 00:53:34,020 --> 00:53:36,419 approach you to, like, some privacy 1458 00:53:36,420 --> 00:53:37,709 act? Yes, things like that. 1459 00:53:37,710 --> 00:53:40,079 Exactly. So if you want 1460 00:53:40,080 --> 00:53:41,819 your information sought and you believe 1461 00:53:41,820 --> 00:53:43,109 that you're related to this and we can 1462 00:53:43,110 --> 00:53:44,189 talk about it privately, 1463 00:53:45,600 --> 00:53:47,369 I will give you documents that I need to 1464 00:53:47,370 --> 00:53:49,799 get in order to get files from you, 1465 00:53:49,800 --> 00:53:52,319 files about you from government agencies 1466 00:53:52,320 --> 00:53:54,419 so you can find me on Twitter at 1467 00:53:54,420 --> 00:53:56,549 Khawam dot net and we can move from 1468 00:53:56,550 --> 00:53:58,739 there somewhere else or come 1469 00:53:58,740 --> 00:53:59,740 up to me while I'm here. 1470 00:54:01,310 --> 00:54:02,419 Thank you. 1471 00:54:02,420 --> 00:54:05,539 OK, we have questions from the Internet. 1472 00:54:05,540 --> 00:54:07,699 Yes, there are two questions 1473 00:54:07,700 --> 00:54:10,609 when I see. The first one is 1474 00:54:10,610 --> 00:54:12,709 how does the mening case inform us 1475 00:54:12,710 --> 00:54:14,690 about what might happen to Snowden? 1476 00:54:17,970 --> 00:54:20,729 Well, I think that 1477 00:54:20,730 --> 00:54:23,249 Snowden has said himself that he 1478 00:54:23,250 --> 00:54:25,379 was inspired by 1479 00:54:25,380 --> 00:54:26,670 Manning, but also 1480 00:54:28,650 --> 00:54:30,659 learned from Manning, I think what's 1481 00:54:30,660 --> 00:54:32,729 important here, though, is to come 1482 00:54:32,730 --> 00:54:35,249 back to this idea 1483 00:54:35,250 --> 00:54:36,599 of Manning as the victim of poor 1484 00:54:36,600 --> 00:54:37,919 Manning's away in prison. 1485 00:54:37,920 --> 00:54:39,450 We're going to get Manning out of prison. 1486 00:54:40,530 --> 00:54:42,629 You know, that is 1487 00:54:42,630 --> 00:54:44,109 how I feel about it. 1488 00:54:44,110 --> 00:54:46,319 We're going to get Manning out of prison 1489 00:54:46,320 --> 00:54:48,149 because it is an abomination that Manning 1490 00:54:48,150 --> 00:54:49,150 is in prison. 1491 00:54:53,490 --> 00:54:56,309 And part of that is characterizing 1492 00:54:56,310 --> 00:54:59,429 her leaks and WikiLeaks publications 1493 00:54:59,430 --> 00:55:00,689 in an accurate light. 1494 00:55:02,900 --> 00:55:05,089 And defending freedom of the press, 1495 00:55:05,090 --> 00:55:06,469 freedom of the press, I mean, it costs 1496 00:55:06,470 --> 00:55:09,049 nothing to publish today on the Internet 1497 00:55:09,050 --> 00:55:11,239 and there's a power in that and 1498 00:55:11,240 --> 00:55:13,249 not letting that be taken away because we 1499 00:55:13,250 --> 00:55:15,049 think we have to rely on a billionaire in 1500 00:55:15,050 --> 00:55:17,299 order to publish useful 1501 00:55:17,300 --> 00:55:19,579 information has a great 1502 00:55:19,580 --> 00:55:21,969 public benefit anyway. 1503 00:55:24,910 --> 00:55:26,559 One more from the Internet, please. 1504 00:55:26,560 --> 00:55:28,839 Yes, the question 1505 00:55:28,840 --> 00:55:30,909 is, can you tell us if Chelsea 1506 00:55:30,910 --> 00:55:33,009 Manning gets mailed books and all the 1507 00:55:33,010 --> 00:55:35,079 other stuff being sent to her and 1508 00:55:35,080 --> 00:55:36,250 thus should care about it? 1509 00:55:37,840 --> 00:55:40,029 Well, from what I don't you know, I don't 1510 00:55:40,030 --> 00:55:42,219 speak for Manning, but from what 1511 00:55:42,220 --> 00:55:44,319 her defense attorney tells me and from 1512 00:55:44,320 --> 00:55:46,869 people around her, the Private 1513 00:55:46,870 --> 00:55:49,119 Manning Support Network and Nathan Fuller 1514 00:55:49,120 --> 00:55:51,189 and people like that, she 1515 00:55:51,190 --> 00:55:53,349 actually really enjoys the mail that 1516 00:55:53,350 --> 00:55:56,409 she receives and 1517 00:55:56,410 --> 00:55:57,519 has I know of that. 1518 00:55:57,520 --> 00:55:59,739 She has a couple of very robust 1519 00:55:59,740 --> 00:56:02,289 pen pal ships with very strong 1520 00:56:02,290 --> 00:56:04,749 public intellectuals who 1521 00:56:04,750 --> 00:56:06,249 are also very protective of her. 1522 00:56:06,250 --> 00:56:07,899 And I'm very happy for her that she has 1523 00:56:07,900 --> 00:56:08,900 that. 1524 00:56:10,380 --> 00:56:11,999 Are you number three, are you is this a 1525 00:56:12,000 --> 00:56:13,170 question? OK, go ahead. 1526 00:56:15,290 --> 00:56:17,599 Hello and thank you for 1527 00:56:17,600 --> 00:56:19,399 this amount of information. 1528 00:56:19,400 --> 00:56:21,509 There's a lot to process, 1529 00:56:21,510 --> 00:56:22,510 and 1530 00:56:25,670 --> 00:56:27,769 I was wondering the whole time 1531 00:56:27,770 --> 00:56:30,229 about what's happening 1532 00:56:30,230 --> 00:56:32,739 on the American street after Snowden 1533 00:56:32,740 --> 00:56:34,459 and after Manning, because actually we 1534 00:56:34,460 --> 00:56:37,699 don't get a lot if something is changing. 1535 00:56:37,700 --> 00:56:39,949 And I would be curious also 1536 00:56:39,950 --> 00:56:42,199 to know whether there 1537 00:56:42,200 --> 00:56:44,899 is some movement 1538 00:56:44,900 --> 00:56:46,999 on the street. So, I mean, 1539 00:56:47,000 --> 00:56:48,000 if things 1540 00:56:49,070 --> 00:56:51,229 happen, like 1541 00:56:51,230 --> 00:56:53,299 what happened to Manning and 1542 00:56:53,300 --> 00:56:55,009 people still relate to that kind of 1543 00:56:55,010 --> 00:56:57,199 political systems and this kind 1544 00:56:57,200 --> 00:56:59,389 of institution, then there is 1545 00:56:59,390 --> 00:57:01,099 actually a need to change that. 1546 00:57:01,100 --> 00:57:03,469 And my question is, is there 1547 00:57:03,470 --> 00:57:06,109 a slight change on the American street 1548 00:57:06,110 --> 00:57:07,530 or is that a long shot? 1549 00:57:08,810 --> 00:57:10,339 The way I look at Manning's leaks in the 1550 00:57:10,340 --> 00:57:12,319 power of Manning's leaks, that the reason 1551 00:57:12,320 --> 00:57:14,959 why I'm very protective of her personally 1552 00:57:14,960 --> 00:57:17,089 is she leaked documents about people 1553 00:57:17,090 --> 00:57:19,729 who don't have a vote, who are victims 1554 00:57:19,730 --> 00:57:21,949 of America's wars, who 1555 00:57:21,950 --> 00:57:24,199 are faceless and nameless and 1556 00:57:24,200 --> 00:57:25,339 nothings. 1557 00:57:25,340 --> 00:57:27,919 And to me, 1558 00:57:27,920 --> 00:57:30,739 that is the power of that publication. 1559 00:57:30,740 --> 00:57:33,229 So does the is American conscious 1560 00:57:33,230 --> 00:57:34,669 of Manning's leaks? 1561 00:57:34,670 --> 00:57:36,259 Weirdly enough, I mean, I think that the 1562 00:57:36,260 --> 00:57:39,019 Hollywood movies have sort of 1563 00:57:39,020 --> 00:57:41,689 come sideways influenced people. 1564 00:57:41,690 --> 00:57:43,819 They're aware of Manning in the context 1565 00:57:43,820 --> 00:57:45,260 of a Hollywood narrative. 1566 00:57:47,060 --> 00:57:48,559 I don't know if they're aware of the 1567 00:57:48,560 --> 00:57:50,989 spirit of her leaks 1568 00:57:50,990 --> 00:57:52,339 and her actions. 1569 00:57:52,340 --> 00:57:54,149 I can't say. 1570 00:57:54,150 --> 00:57:55,639 OK, OK, thank you. 1571 00:57:55,640 --> 00:57:57,439 We're out of time, so please give Alexis 1572 00:57:57,440 --> 00:57:58,519 another round of applause.