0 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:30,000 Dear viewer, these subtitles were generated by a machine via the service Trint and therefore are (very) buggy. If you are capable, please help us to create good quality subtitles: https://c3subtitles.de/talk/591 Thanks! 1 00:00:09,480 --> 00:00:11,879 OK, I will just make it brief. 2 00:00:11,880 --> 00:00:14,129 So this is costing 3 00:00:14,130 --> 00:00:16,199 Castner's part of the part time cyl, 4 00:00:16,200 --> 00:00:18,449 part of the part time scientists 5 00:00:18,450 --> 00:00:20,579 who want to send a rover to a place 6 00:00:20,580 --> 00:00:22,779 where it's very hard to do 3D printing. 7 00:00:22,780 --> 00:00:24,209 So enjoy this. 8 00:00:24,210 --> 00:00:26,669 Talk about 3D printing 9 00:00:26,670 --> 00:00:28,379 on the moon, the future of space 10 00:00:28,380 --> 00:00:30,019 exploration stepstool. 11 00:00:38,890 --> 00:00:39,890 Hi. 12 00:00:40,390 --> 00:00:43,209 So who have you knows about 13 00:00:43,210 --> 00:00:45,159 the Google lunar takes place just 14 00:00:46,480 --> 00:00:47,480 OK. 15 00:00:48,480 --> 00:00:50,619 OK, it's OK. You don't have to know. 16 00:00:50,620 --> 00:00:51,620 I was just checking. 17 00:00:52,660 --> 00:00:54,909 OK, so we're a team 18 00:00:54,910 --> 00:00:56,770 called the Part Time Scientist and 19 00:00:57,940 --> 00:01:00,579 we're well funded like 2008. 20 00:01:00,580 --> 00:01:02,829 So that's quite a while ago with six 21 00:01:02,830 --> 00:01:03,909 people. 22 00:01:03,910 --> 00:01:06,099 And as of today, we 23 00:01:06,100 --> 00:01:08,199 are about 35 people that 24 00:01:08,200 --> 00:01:09,200 are working 25 00:01:10,900 --> 00:01:12,339 on the mission to the moon. 26 00:01:12,340 --> 00:01:14,709 And of those 35 27 00:01:14,710 --> 00:01:17,049 people, we have now 11 employees, 28 00:01:18,190 --> 00:01:20,309 which makes the name part time scientists 29 00:01:20,310 --> 00:01:21,789 to lie. 30 00:01:21,790 --> 00:01:23,889 So on this on the corner of the 31 00:01:23,890 --> 00:01:25,659 slide, you see the new logo. 32 00:01:25,660 --> 00:01:27,789 It's a pity scientists 33 00:01:27,790 --> 00:01:30,069 and yeah, well, 34 00:01:30,070 --> 00:01:31,569 we don't know what the party stands for 35 00:01:31,570 --> 00:01:33,159 yet, but we will figure it out 36 00:01:33,160 --> 00:01:34,160 eventually. 37 00:01:35,950 --> 00:01:38,169 So for those of you that have seen 38 00:01:38,170 --> 00:01:40,809 our presentation last year, it was 39 00:01:40,810 --> 00:01:42,829 we we did win the milestone prizes. 40 00:01:42,830 --> 00:01:45,009 So we won 750000 41 00:01:45,010 --> 00:01:47,229 U.S. dollars for qualifying 42 00:01:47,230 --> 00:01:49,419 our rover, which is quite 43 00:01:49,420 --> 00:01:51,879 nice. And we also 44 00:01:51,880 --> 00:01:53,509 got a new partner, which is a bit 45 00:01:53,510 --> 00:01:54,579 significant. You know, 46 00:01:56,140 --> 00:01:57,369 it's it's Audi. 47 00:01:57,370 --> 00:01:59,619 And, you know, we are cooperating with 48 00:01:59,620 --> 00:02:02,089 what's the deal with our aims and 49 00:02:02,090 --> 00:02:04,269 and various other partners to to get 50 00:02:04,270 --> 00:02:05,270 this mission done. 51 00:02:06,820 --> 00:02:08,288 And the Google X Prize is a competition 52 00:02:08,289 --> 00:02:09,549 where you can get three million bucks for 53 00:02:09,550 --> 00:02:10,918 sending robots. 54 00:02:10,919 --> 00:02:11,919 So 55 00:02:13,300 --> 00:02:16,359 this is very 56 00:02:16,360 --> 00:02:17,359 this is our mission. 57 00:02:17,360 --> 00:02:20,289 We want to send the rover to the moon and 58 00:02:20,290 --> 00:02:22,629 it should somehow look like this. 59 00:02:22,630 --> 00:02:24,039 This is actually what we are currently 60 00:02:24,040 --> 00:02:25,180 working on. So that was. 61 00:02:27,420 --> 00:02:28,799 That was me yesterday. 62 00:02:30,880 --> 00:02:33,119 The lines mean everything is 63 00:02:33,120 --> 00:02:35,399 fine, which is why I had no time 64 00:02:35,400 --> 00:02:37,329 to present to prepare the presentation. 65 00:02:37,330 --> 00:02:38,309 So I hope it's OK. 66 00:02:38,310 --> 00:02:41,219 So, um, 67 00:02:41,220 --> 00:02:43,919 yeah, we are working very tirelessly on 68 00:02:43,920 --> 00:02:45,629 getting that done. 69 00:02:45,630 --> 00:02:48,029 The cool thing is that our new rover 70 00:02:48,030 --> 00:02:50,159 is actually a little bit bigger. 71 00:02:50,160 --> 00:02:51,989 Again, you know, we started with like a 72 00:02:51,990 --> 00:02:54,209 very small one and we figured out that 73 00:02:54,210 --> 00:02:56,079 it's too small and we increase it a bit. 74 00:02:56,080 --> 00:02:58,229 I mean, it's so small again. 75 00:02:58,230 --> 00:03:00,479 And the last 76 00:03:00,480 --> 00:03:02,519 size increase came in the form of the of 77 00:03:02,520 --> 00:03:04,589 the wheels because we found 78 00:03:04,590 --> 00:03:06,809 out that was small surface. 79 00:03:06,810 --> 00:03:09,089 We can climb up higher 80 00:03:09,090 --> 00:03:11,219 slopes and also 81 00:03:11,220 --> 00:03:13,409 decreasing the weight was very helpful. 82 00:03:13,410 --> 00:03:15,719 And the cool thing about the new rover 83 00:03:15,720 --> 00:03:17,789 is that the wheels such as 84 00:03:17,790 --> 00:03:20,009 the on the left hand side is a new 85 00:03:20,010 --> 00:03:22,289 wheel and it's 200 86 00:03:22,290 --> 00:03:24,449 grams lighter despite being 87 00:03:24,450 --> 00:03:25,589 bigger. 88 00:03:25,590 --> 00:03:27,599 And this was the we were able to do that 89 00:03:27,600 --> 00:03:29,909 because the left wing is fully 3D 90 00:03:29,910 --> 00:03:32,339 printed and this is 91 00:03:32,340 --> 00:03:34,379 pretty darn cool. So we are a big fan of 92 00:03:34,380 --> 00:03:36,689 3D printing for everything we do, 93 00:03:36,690 --> 00:03:38,999 not just because we're always tight on 94 00:03:39,000 --> 00:03:41,249 time. So it's also very 95 00:03:41,250 --> 00:03:43,439 helpful that you can get 3D printed 96 00:03:43,440 --> 00:03:44,440 stuff quickly. 97 00:03:45,630 --> 00:03:47,449 It could be more organized, but well, 98 00:03:48,720 --> 00:03:50,939 we have 3D printers, which is much cooler 99 00:03:50,940 --> 00:03:53,249 except so 3D 100 00:03:53,250 --> 00:03:54,250 printing is hard. 101 00:03:55,470 --> 00:03:57,859 You probably know, especially those that 102 00:03:57,860 --> 00:03:59,699 made the ones on your own. 103 00:03:59,700 --> 00:04:00,700 It's 104 00:04:01,890 --> 00:04:04,049 yeah, it's it's very tough to to get 105 00:04:04,050 --> 00:04:06,119 it right because you the material that 106 00:04:06,120 --> 00:04:08,399 you get out of the printer is not what 107 00:04:08,400 --> 00:04:10,799 you actually expect 108 00:04:10,800 --> 00:04:12,089 and what can be used. 109 00:04:12,090 --> 00:04:14,489 But we want to do it on the moon anyway. 110 00:04:14,490 --> 00:04:17,249 Um, so yeah, 111 00:04:17,250 --> 00:04:19,439 this is just a nice picture that came up 112 00:04:19,440 --> 00:04:20,489 from NASAA. 113 00:04:20,490 --> 00:04:21,809 Was it another. 114 00:04:21,810 --> 00:04:23,819 It came up and it's looking very nice. 115 00:04:23,820 --> 00:04:26,189 So we want to take the picture of that 116 00:04:26,190 --> 00:04:28,439 and we want to 117 00:04:28,440 --> 00:04:30,509 land near Apollo 17. 118 00:04:30,510 --> 00:04:32,290 So that's the tower's literally, 119 00:04:33,480 --> 00:04:34,619 which is near the equator. 120 00:04:34,620 --> 00:04:36,719 And we want to you want to 121 00:04:36,720 --> 00:04:38,969 land like five kilometers near 122 00:04:38,970 --> 00:04:41,279 it. And there is, 123 00:04:41,280 --> 00:04:43,019 you know, in the one kilometer landing 124 00:04:43,020 --> 00:04:44,759 ellipse. So that's hopefully the landing 125 00:04:44,760 --> 00:04:46,050 area, not the impact area. 126 00:04:47,630 --> 00:04:50,639 We are we are working on that. 127 00:04:50,640 --> 00:04:52,779 Now, one of the dates we hopefully I 128 00:04:52,780 --> 00:04:54,959 suggested for for sending 129 00:04:54,960 --> 00:04:57,089 her over to the moon was to start 130 00:04:57,090 --> 00:04:59,159 on the 7th December in 131 00:04:59,160 --> 00:05:01,409 2017, because that's like 132 00:05:01,410 --> 00:05:03,119 forty five years after Apollo 17 133 00:05:03,120 --> 00:05:04,799 happened. And also we would land on 134 00:05:04,800 --> 00:05:07,469 Christmas. And so if someone asked 135 00:05:07,470 --> 00:05:09,059 what we would do on Christmas, that would 136 00:05:09,060 --> 00:05:10,679 be like I could say, well, I made a new 137 00:05:10,680 --> 00:05:11,680 crater on the moon. 138 00:05:12,600 --> 00:05:13,600 So 139 00:05:14,820 --> 00:05:16,589 hopefully we don't do the crater thing. 140 00:05:16,590 --> 00:05:17,590 Um, 141 00:05:18,770 --> 00:05:20,759 the reason why we chose Apollo 17 this 142 00:05:20,760 --> 00:05:23,039 past is mostly because 143 00:05:23,040 --> 00:05:25,259 it has a very interesting 144 00:05:25,260 --> 00:05:26,699 geological property. 145 00:05:26,700 --> 00:05:28,839 There is there was the one mission where 146 00:05:28,840 --> 00:05:30,389 another say, oh, we don't do it just for 147 00:05:30,390 --> 00:05:32,099 show. We actually want to do science. 148 00:05:32,100 --> 00:05:34,649 And so they took a geologist with them. 149 00:05:34,650 --> 00:05:36,809 And so there is some there 150 00:05:36,810 --> 00:05:39,529 are some known data about the geology 151 00:05:39,530 --> 00:05:41,369 of Apollo 17. 152 00:05:41,370 --> 00:05:43,469 And so that's 153 00:05:43,470 --> 00:05:44,579 one of the reasons we want to go there. 154 00:05:44,580 --> 00:05:46,259 The other reason is the lunar rover 155 00:05:46,260 --> 00:05:47,430 vehicle that you can see here. 156 00:05:48,600 --> 00:05:50,789 We want to do we want to do significant 157 00:05:50,790 --> 00:05:52,169 science when we go there. 158 00:05:52,170 --> 00:05:53,939 And we just we don't just want to win the 159 00:05:53,940 --> 00:05:55,949 Google X Prize. We want to do real 160 00:05:55,950 --> 00:05:58,319 science there. And we want to one of our 161 00:05:58,320 --> 00:06:00,449 science objectives, as it was 162 00:06:00,450 --> 00:06:03,119 said by by NASA, is that 163 00:06:03,120 --> 00:06:04,350 they want to see how 164 00:06:05,450 --> 00:06:06,809 hot the stuff on the surface 165 00:06:08,040 --> 00:06:10,619 after four years of exposure 166 00:06:10,620 --> 00:06:12,299 is still there. 167 00:06:12,300 --> 00:06:13,950 You know, whether it was 168 00:06:15,120 --> 00:06:17,370 shot into little pieces or, you know, 169 00:06:18,420 --> 00:06:19,769 maybe they find some other reason why 170 00:06:19,770 --> 00:06:21,839 they didn't why we didn't find anything 171 00:06:21,840 --> 00:06:24,059 there. But, yeah, 172 00:06:24,060 --> 00:06:25,949 it's true. 173 00:06:25,950 --> 00:06:28,019 The Rover vehicle is made of all 174 00:06:28,020 --> 00:06:30,479 kinds of things like leather and 175 00:06:30,480 --> 00:06:32,009 piano, wire, fiberglass. 176 00:06:32,010 --> 00:06:34,290 And it's interesting to see how that 177 00:06:36,050 --> 00:06:36,839 how that works. 178 00:06:36,840 --> 00:06:38,250 So this is Apollo 17. 179 00:06:40,960 --> 00:06:43,209 Yeah, so 180 00:06:43,210 --> 00:06:45,699 but now for the interesting part about 181 00:06:45,700 --> 00:06:47,169 3D printing on the moon. 182 00:06:47,170 --> 00:06:49,769 So the 183 00:06:49,770 --> 00:06:52,389 the surface material of the moon 184 00:06:52,390 --> 00:06:55,059 is made up of lunar Regulus, 185 00:06:55,060 --> 00:06:57,249 which is made of silicon, aluminum, 186 00:06:57,250 --> 00:06:59,829 titanium, Iren oxygen and 187 00:06:59,830 --> 00:07:01,269 kind of other stuff. 188 00:07:01,270 --> 00:07:04,629 And it's a very, very fine powder. 189 00:07:04,630 --> 00:07:05,630 So 190 00:07:07,090 --> 00:07:08,349 when you think about the moon, it doesn't 191 00:07:08,350 --> 00:07:09,199 have any atmosphere. 192 00:07:09,200 --> 00:07:11,349 So there is nothing that 193 00:07:11,350 --> 00:07:13,779 could, you know, transport 194 00:07:13,780 --> 00:07:15,969 the the the lunar 195 00:07:15,970 --> 00:07:16,809 dust around. 196 00:07:16,810 --> 00:07:18,879 So it's it's sitting there for 197 00:07:18,880 --> 00:07:21,129 years and years and millions 198 00:07:21,130 --> 00:07:22,059 of years. 199 00:07:22,060 --> 00:07:24,549 And there are always all those tiny 200 00:07:24,550 --> 00:07:26,889 micrometeorites which are bombarding 201 00:07:26,890 --> 00:07:28,989 the surface and smashing the surface 202 00:07:28,990 --> 00:07:32,229 into very, very, very fine powder. 203 00:07:32,230 --> 00:07:34,600 And this this powder 204 00:07:36,160 --> 00:07:38,349 has some very interesting properties. 205 00:07:39,840 --> 00:07:42,059 So the question is, 206 00:07:42,060 --> 00:07:44,429 how could you actually 207 00:07:44,430 --> 00:07:46,739 use this material for doing 3D 208 00:07:46,740 --> 00:07:47,899 printing on the moon? 209 00:07:49,090 --> 00:07:51,699 And there are like three options. 210 00:07:52,820 --> 00:07:54,709 One we like very much. 211 00:07:54,710 --> 00:07:56,869 This is the microwave based 212 00:07:56,870 --> 00:07:58,939 manufacturing, so the idea 213 00:07:58,940 --> 00:08:01,099 behind that is that that you're 214 00:08:01,100 --> 00:08:03,259 using like an ordinary 215 00:08:03,260 --> 00:08:05,449 microwave or the magnetron 216 00:08:05,450 --> 00:08:07,519 and you you melt 217 00:08:07,520 --> 00:08:09,589 up the material because it contains 218 00:08:09,590 --> 00:08:12,829 some Iren, and 219 00:08:12,830 --> 00:08:14,899 then you can you can get a solid 220 00:08:14,900 --> 00:08:17,329 surface of that. 221 00:08:17,330 --> 00:08:20,189 The problem with that is the 222 00:08:20,190 --> 00:08:22,359 the regular simulants, which are used for 223 00:08:22,360 --> 00:08:24,050 for testing, for various testing of 224 00:08:25,710 --> 00:08:28,309 of testing rovers or spacesuits 225 00:08:28,310 --> 00:08:30,529 or anything like 226 00:08:30,530 --> 00:08:31,530 they are. 227 00:08:32,750 --> 00:08:35,178 Well, you can microwave them, but nothing 228 00:08:35,179 --> 00:08:37,308 happens, which is 229 00:08:37,309 --> 00:08:39,289 kind of bad for testing because 230 00:08:40,309 --> 00:08:41,659 this makes it very difficult. 231 00:08:43,539 --> 00:08:46,059 But there is one interesting property 232 00:08:46,060 --> 00:08:48,489 that is at least known for 233 00:08:48,490 --> 00:08:50,829 for some of the Apollo 11, Apollo 17 234 00:08:50,830 --> 00:08:53,199 samples, and 235 00:08:53,200 --> 00:08:55,959 this is that it contains some 236 00:08:55,960 --> 00:08:58,599 Iren, you can see those 237 00:08:58,600 --> 00:09:00,549 those little Iren. 238 00:09:00,550 --> 00:09:02,679 This is elemental, Iren, that is enclosed 239 00:09:02,680 --> 00:09:04,989 in the in the glass. 240 00:09:04,990 --> 00:09:07,209 And this is 241 00:09:07,210 --> 00:09:09,429 very this 242 00:09:09,430 --> 00:09:10,929 absorbs the. 243 00:09:12,190 --> 00:09:14,799 The microwave energy very efficiently, 244 00:09:14,800 --> 00:09:16,989 and so with very little 245 00:09:16,990 --> 00:09:18,549 energy, you can actually 246 00:09:19,570 --> 00:09:21,879 get a liquid phase between the 247 00:09:21,880 --> 00:09:24,279 particles which which then 248 00:09:24,280 --> 00:09:25,509 heats up even more. And there is a 249 00:09:25,510 --> 00:09:26,710 runaway. Some of the 250 00:09:27,790 --> 00:09:29,889 reaction going on that so that you 251 00:09:29,890 --> 00:09:32,109 get a solid material after 252 00:09:32,110 --> 00:09:33,429 you are bombarded with 253 00:09:34,570 --> 00:09:36,479 with microwave. 254 00:09:36,480 --> 00:09:37,889 And the question is, 255 00:09:39,360 --> 00:09:40,499 what can you do with it? 256 00:09:40,500 --> 00:09:42,839 I mean, the microwave is not as focused 257 00:09:42,840 --> 00:09:45,029 as, for example, as a laser 258 00:09:45,030 --> 00:09:47,130 where you with a laser. 259 00:09:48,880 --> 00:09:50,709 OK, let let me start a little early. 260 00:09:50,710 --> 00:09:52,799 So if you if you want to do laser 261 00:09:52,800 --> 00:09:55,679 sintering on on the earth, 262 00:09:55,680 --> 00:09:56,999 you are actually anywhere. 263 00:09:57,000 --> 00:09:59,809 But if you want to, do you have 264 00:09:59,810 --> 00:10:02,189 you take aluminum powder and 265 00:10:02,190 --> 00:10:04,409 you take a laser and you malteds. 266 00:10:05,490 --> 00:10:07,689 And then you put on another layer of 267 00:10:07,690 --> 00:10:09,779 of this aluminum powder and then you 268 00:10:09,780 --> 00:10:10,679 build it again. 269 00:10:10,680 --> 00:10:12,519 And with that process, you can actually 270 00:10:12,520 --> 00:10:14,609 use three different aluminum. 271 00:10:14,610 --> 00:10:15,610 And if you. 272 00:10:17,610 --> 00:10:19,079 If you want to do that on the moon, you 273 00:10:19,080 --> 00:10:21,239 could you can create 274 00:10:21,240 --> 00:10:23,339 very fine structures, but with the 275 00:10:23,340 --> 00:10:25,829 microwave, you are not such 276 00:10:25,830 --> 00:10:26,849 a not so focused. 277 00:10:26,850 --> 00:10:28,469 And the question is, can you still do 278 00:10:28,470 --> 00:10:30,179 anything interesting? 279 00:10:30,180 --> 00:10:32,519 Was that an answer to that is yes. 280 00:10:32,520 --> 00:10:34,799 If you ever have a microwave, 281 00:10:34,800 --> 00:10:37,019 you can actually make 282 00:10:37,020 --> 00:10:39,729 a surface coating off 283 00:10:39,730 --> 00:10:41,009 of the regulars. 284 00:10:41,010 --> 00:10:42,749 The problem that you have when, for 285 00:10:42,750 --> 00:10:45,090 example, the Apollo astronauts were 286 00:10:46,260 --> 00:10:48,359 coming back into the into 287 00:10:48,360 --> 00:10:50,489 the capsule, they had the problem that 288 00:10:50,490 --> 00:10:52,589 the regulars are so fine that 289 00:10:52,590 --> 00:10:54,949 it actually went through there. 290 00:10:54,950 --> 00:10:57,419 So the spacesuits and they got 291 00:10:57,420 --> 00:10:58,349 black fingers. 292 00:10:58,350 --> 00:11:00,719 And so 293 00:11:00,720 --> 00:11:02,729 the idea is when you are when you're 294 00:11:02,730 --> 00:11:05,189 creating a surface coating by 295 00:11:05,190 --> 00:11:07,979 microwaving these the surface, 296 00:11:07,980 --> 00:11:10,139 then you have a solid, solid 297 00:11:10,140 --> 00:11:11,819 thing where you can drive on, where you 298 00:11:11,820 --> 00:11:14,939 don't generate 299 00:11:14,940 --> 00:11:17,489 such as much 300 00:11:17,490 --> 00:11:19,169 dust when you're landing or when you are 301 00:11:19,170 --> 00:11:21,239 driving on it. And thus, if you want 302 00:11:21,240 --> 00:11:23,429 to build a lunar base and 303 00:11:23,430 --> 00:11:26,009 you have to go out often, then, 304 00:11:26,010 --> 00:11:27,599 you know, not dealing with as much 305 00:11:27,600 --> 00:11:29,849 regulars is a very nice 306 00:11:29,850 --> 00:11:30,850 property you have. 307 00:11:32,310 --> 00:11:34,109 Also, there is and there are some 308 00:11:34,110 --> 00:11:36,359 interesting ideas that you can actually 309 00:11:36,360 --> 00:11:37,929 make a radio dish 310 00:11:39,450 --> 00:11:41,219 when you with that, so you take a regular 311 00:11:41,220 --> 00:11:43,289 grader and you 312 00:11:43,290 --> 00:11:45,449 Sofus code and you 313 00:11:45,450 --> 00:11:47,939 have an almost perfect antenna or 314 00:11:47,940 --> 00:11:48,940 eventually 315 00:11:50,670 --> 00:11:53,729 after a few decades of book. 316 00:11:53,730 --> 00:11:56,159 Um, yeah. 317 00:11:56,160 --> 00:11:57,160 So 318 00:11:58,290 --> 00:12:00,329 one of the theories that was proposed is 319 00:12:00,330 --> 00:12:01,710 this boring lawnmower. 320 00:12:03,670 --> 00:12:06,209 But we think of something cool 321 00:12:06,210 --> 00:12:07,210 like this one. 322 00:12:08,670 --> 00:12:10,859 So the idea is that you have that 323 00:12:10,860 --> 00:12:12,509 you have the microphones on on the bottom 324 00:12:12,510 --> 00:12:14,909 side and while 325 00:12:14,910 --> 00:12:16,979 you're driving, you actually irradiating 326 00:12:16,980 --> 00:12:19,529 the surface and 327 00:12:19,530 --> 00:12:21,719 this radiation 328 00:12:21,720 --> 00:12:24,089 brings the surface, the the 329 00:12:24,090 --> 00:12:26,789 material to about 1200 degrees 330 00:12:26,790 --> 00:12:29,069 Celsius in a very quick time. 331 00:12:29,070 --> 00:12:31,229 And this starts the melting process 332 00:12:31,230 --> 00:12:32,669 so that you get the nice, very nice 333 00:12:32,670 --> 00:12:33,539 coating. 334 00:12:33,540 --> 00:12:35,589 And because we are using microwave, this 335 00:12:35,590 --> 00:12:37,739 is this is a very efficient 336 00:12:37,740 --> 00:12:39,359 way of doing that. 337 00:12:39,360 --> 00:12:40,860 This is also why we 338 00:12:41,900 --> 00:12:44,339 we are aiming to send a little experiment 339 00:12:44,340 --> 00:12:47,039 to the to the surface of the moon 340 00:12:47,040 --> 00:12:48,779 with the microwave thing. 341 00:12:48,780 --> 00:12:50,909 Also, it's very interesting 342 00:12:50,910 --> 00:12:53,039 to do that because we 343 00:12:53,040 --> 00:12:54,749 are very power constrained and our 344 00:12:54,750 --> 00:12:56,789 payload opportunities that we have. 345 00:12:56,790 --> 00:12:58,799 And we are also 346 00:12:59,940 --> 00:13:01,169 we want to do something simple. 347 00:13:01,170 --> 00:13:03,339 And if you want to build a laser 348 00:13:03,340 --> 00:13:05,459 wrigglers printer, then stuff gets very 349 00:13:05,460 --> 00:13:05,729 messy. 350 00:13:05,730 --> 00:13:06,929 But I will show you some pictures 351 00:13:08,190 --> 00:13:09,190 later on. 352 00:13:11,020 --> 00:13:13,359 So if you 353 00:13:13,360 --> 00:13:15,789 if you want to go into additive 354 00:13:15,790 --> 00:13:18,159 manufacturing, there is 355 00:13:18,160 --> 00:13:20,649 significantly more to 356 00:13:20,650 --> 00:13:22,929 to building a 3D printer than 357 00:13:22,930 --> 00:13:25,059 just having the ability to 358 00:13:25,060 --> 00:13:26,060 mold the material. 359 00:13:27,610 --> 00:13:30,249 The problem was with the Regulus is that 360 00:13:30,250 --> 00:13:32,769 not all material is well suited. 361 00:13:32,770 --> 00:13:35,199 So you need to you need to 362 00:13:35,200 --> 00:13:36,759 collect the material. 363 00:13:36,760 --> 00:13:39,159 You need to refine it in some way. 364 00:13:39,160 --> 00:13:41,409 And then you can use, for example, 365 00:13:41,410 --> 00:13:42,580 a laser to melt it. 366 00:13:43,750 --> 00:13:45,819 The other thing that, for example, is 367 00:13:45,820 --> 00:13:47,889 are you thinking about you who, if 368 00:13:47,890 --> 00:13:49,959 you know, is actually the moon village 369 00:13:49,960 --> 00:13:50,960 idea of ESA. 370 00:13:52,330 --> 00:13:54,669 Oh, OK, yeah, 371 00:13:54,670 --> 00:13:57,219 he's a very popular, um, 372 00:13:58,450 --> 00:14:00,339 I find that people know more about 373 00:14:00,340 --> 00:14:02,619 another than they do about EESA 374 00:14:02,620 --> 00:14:04,119 interestingly. 375 00:14:04,120 --> 00:14:06,759 So what they want to do is 376 00:14:06,760 --> 00:14:08,709 they want to do they want to print is 377 00:14:08,710 --> 00:14:09,999 really based. 378 00:14:10,000 --> 00:14:12,879 No, they want to print 3D, print a base 379 00:14:12,880 --> 00:14:15,709 and they want to do it with 380 00:14:15,710 --> 00:14:17,859 was a clue that they are taking with 381 00:14:17,860 --> 00:14:19,989 them. And so they want to they want 382 00:14:19,990 --> 00:14:21,819 to use the binding material for the 383 00:14:21,820 --> 00:14:23,139 printing process. 384 00:14:23,140 --> 00:14:25,569 And we think that's maybe 385 00:14:25,570 --> 00:14:26,499 not the best idea. 386 00:14:26,500 --> 00:14:28,749 If you if you can do it just with 387 00:14:28,750 --> 00:14:30,999 energy, which you have plenty of because 388 00:14:31,000 --> 00:14:32,019 you're on the moon and there is no 389 00:14:32,020 --> 00:14:34,149 atmosphere, then that's 390 00:14:34,150 --> 00:14:36,159 significantly better than using a binding 391 00:14:36,160 --> 00:14:37,659 material. 392 00:14:37,660 --> 00:14:38,660 And 393 00:14:40,210 --> 00:14:42,649 yeah, so they are 394 00:14:42,650 --> 00:14:44,439 either supporting the idea of using a 395 00:14:44,440 --> 00:14:45,440 binding material, 396 00:14:46,720 --> 00:14:48,849 but I think that the laser printing 397 00:14:48,850 --> 00:14:51,189 one is the one that that we we are using 398 00:14:51,190 --> 00:14:53,439 now and which is probably the most 399 00:14:53,440 --> 00:14:53,859 mature. 400 00:14:53,860 --> 00:14:55,959 And so that's probably pretty good. 401 00:14:57,300 --> 00:14:59,369 But how do you actually 402 00:15:00,840 --> 00:15:02,969 separate the materials that you 403 00:15:02,970 --> 00:15:05,029 that you want to use for printing 404 00:15:05,030 --> 00:15:07,109 and so not all of the material 405 00:15:07,110 --> 00:15:09,179 is printable or this 406 00:15:09,180 --> 00:15:10,649 is ready for sintering? 407 00:15:10,650 --> 00:15:11,700 And so you want to 408 00:15:12,840 --> 00:15:14,759 you want to collect material that is 409 00:15:14,760 --> 00:15:17,309 small, that is 410 00:15:17,310 --> 00:15:19,379 at best a fine powder, which you 411 00:15:19,380 --> 00:15:21,329 have plenty, but the cost side is the 412 00:15:21,330 --> 00:15:23,579 size of the particles is very 413 00:15:23,580 --> 00:15:25,999 oddly shaped. So it's 414 00:15:26,000 --> 00:15:28,919 a little bit difficult to 415 00:15:28,920 --> 00:15:31,379 to collect the material and to process 416 00:15:31,380 --> 00:15:33,449 it so that it can be useful, easier later 417 00:15:33,450 --> 00:15:35,009 through printing. 418 00:15:35,010 --> 00:15:37,210 And this is where this sucker comes in. 419 00:15:38,550 --> 00:15:40,949 It's a lunar soil magnetic collector 420 00:15:40,950 --> 00:15:42,689 or lunar soil. 421 00:15:42,690 --> 00:15:44,819 Now, as it was called, and 422 00:15:44,820 --> 00:15:47,459 it's basically O'Reagan in reverse. 423 00:15:47,460 --> 00:15:49,679 So you you take 424 00:15:49,680 --> 00:15:52,259 magnetic fields and 425 00:15:52,260 --> 00:15:55,229 you you use the property that 426 00:15:55,230 --> 00:15:57,569 the the regular material 427 00:15:57,570 --> 00:15:59,279 or the part that you're interested in is 428 00:15:59,280 --> 00:16:01,109 actually magnetic. 429 00:16:01,110 --> 00:16:03,569 And so you are transporting 430 00:16:03,570 --> 00:16:06,179 the material in this sucker 431 00:16:06,180 --> 00:16:08,399 and it's floating in 432 00:16:08,400 --> 00:16:10,709 some reservoir. And then you can 3DO 433 00:16:10,710 --> 00:16:12,929 your whole 3D printing with the laser 434 00:16:12,930 --> 00:16:15,599 melting and putting 435 00:16:15,600 --> 00:16:16,830 layer on top of layer. 436 00:16:18,730 --> 00:16:20,939 Yeah, that should 437 00:16:20,940 --> 00:16:21,629 work. 438 00:16:21,630 --> 00:16:24,779 Um, it's 439 00:16:24,780 --> 00:16:26,459 you know, when you're when you're doing a 440 00:16:26,460 --> 00:16:28,289 mission to the moon, you know, for the 441 00:16:28,290 --> 00:16:31,169 first time in a in a few decades. 442 00:16:31,170 --> 00:16:33,449 And you're doing it as a as a private 443 00:16:33,450 --> 00:16:35,519 entity and you started as a part 444 00:16:35,520 --> 00:16:36,659 time scientist. 445 00:16:36,660 --> 00:16:38,009 That's not the thing you want to do on 446 00:16:38,010 --> 00:16:39,329 the first try. 447 00:16:39,330 --> 00:16:41,579 So we keeping the best for the 448 00:16:41,580 --> 00:16:43,169 next missions. 449 00:16:43,170 --> 00:16:45,929 So baby steps first, 450 00:16:45,930 --> 00:16:48,899 not make an impact crater and then 451 00:16:48,900 --> 00:16:51,269 microwave the 452 00:16:51,270 --> 00:16:52,270 lunar soil. 453 00:16:53,650 --> 00:16:56,819 Actually, someone did try 454 00:16:56,820 --> 00:16:59,069 to use the lunar regular 455 00:16:59,070 --> 00:17:01,079 simulants that are available and actually 456 00:17:01,080 --> 00:17:02,879 build such a 3-D printer, which is easy 457 00:17:02,880 --> 00:17:04,199 if you're on Earth and you have the 458 00:17:04,200 --> 00:17:06,179 regular printer and you can and you're 459 00:17:06,180 --> 00:17:07,739 actually sitting by the printer and you 460 00:17:07,740 --> 00:17:10,559 can, you know, the Russian repair 461 00:17:10,560 --> 00:17:12,809 by knocking, it's when it's failing 462 00:17:12,810 --> 00:17:13,810 and. 463 00:17:14,849 --> 00:17:15,930 The results are, 464 00:17:17,040 --> 00:17:20,309 well, like this, 465 00:17:20,310 --> 00:17:21,749 I don't know if that is good or not, 466 00:17:23,369 --> 00:17:24,959 but it's something and it was already 467 00:17:24,960 --> 00:17:25,960 printed. 468 00:17:29,700 --> 00:17:31,679 Well, I mean, you know, so the good thing 469 00:17:31,680 --> 00:17:33,680 is that in theory, 470 00:17:34,950 --> 00:17:37,199 the laser based melting should 471 00:17:37,200 --> 00:17:39,419 actually work. The problem was 472 00:17:39,420 --> 00:17:40,649 with laser based melting. 473 00:17:40,650 --> 00:17:43,319 Is that a lot of the 474 00:17:43,320 --> 00:17:45,449 energy that you are? 475 00:17:45,450 --> 00:17:47,969 So if you if you're building a laser, 476 00:17:47,970 --> 00:17:50,219 a lot of energy that you put into it is 477 00:17:50,220 --> 00:17:52,289 not converted into optical energy, which 478 00:17:52,290 --> 00:17:53,290 goes out of the laser 479 00:17:54,840 --> 00:17:55,859 thingy. 480 00:17:55,860 --> 00:17:58,129 And then you pointed 481 00:17:58,130 --> 00:18:01,139 at the material that is not black. 482 00:18:01,140 --> 00:18:03,239 It is in this case, it's more likely 483 00:18:03,240 --> 00:18:05,489 gray. So you're from reflectance. 484 00:18:05,490 --> 00:18:07,589 And so a lot of energy is 485 00:18:07,590 --> 00:18:09,929 wasted in this way when 486 00:18:09,930 --> 00:18:11,579 you are using a laser. 487 00:18:11,580 --> 00:18:13,679 But as such, the advantage is that you 488 00:18:13,680 --> 00:18:15,749 can make very fine structures 489 00:18:15,750 --> 00:18:17,819 or as fine as this 490 00:18:17,820 --> 00:18:19,559 one. I actually don't know if inch or 491 00:18:19,560 --> 00:18:20,560 centimeters 492 00:18:22,470 --> 00:18:23,099 it's small. 493 00:18:23,100 --> 00:18:25,229 It's something I 494 00:18:25,230 --> 00:18:27,150 will give it a C for effort. 495 00:18:31,140 --> 00:18:33,009 Yeah. I mean, if you if you know three 496 00:18:33,010 --> 00:18:35,399 printers, you know, especially the the 497 00:18:35,400 --> 00:18:37,559 aluminum sintering things, it's it's very 498 00:18:37,560 --> 00:18:39,659 difficult to get right 499 00:18:39,660 --> 00:18:40,579 with. 500 00:18:40,580 --> 00:18:42,039 The problem is really printing is always 501 00:18:42,040 --> 00:18:43,079 the material fit. 502 00:18:43,080 --> 00:18:45,149 Right. It's it's you 503 00:18:45,150 --> 00:18:46,799 have the material you have to play for 504 00:18:46,800 --> 00:18:48,329 example, and you put it through the 505 00:18:48,330 --> 00:18:50,639 nozzle and in theory it should work 506 00:18:50,640 --> 00:18:51,329 in practice. 507 00:18:51,330 --> 00:18:53,609 Well, not often or 508 00:18:53,610 --> 00:18:54,610 not always. 509 00:18:57,000 --> 00:18:59,159 And this is the this is 510 00:18:59,160 --> 00:19:01,439 the idea as presented by 511 00:19:01,440 --> 00:19:02,759 by ESA and 512 00:19:04,140 --> 00:19:06,239 well, as a company, we have to 513 00:19:06,240 --> 00:19:08,619 think about business cases and 514 00:19:08,620 --> 00:19:11,009 the best we could come up with was, 515 00:19:11,010 --> 00:19:13,139 well, we are helping them do 516 00:19:13,140 --> 00:19:15,329 this. And this 517 00:19:15,330 --> 00:19:17,759 is the the ESA vision 518 00:19:17,760 --> 00:19:19,769 of having a 3D printed, 519 00:19:20,970 --> 00:19:23,099 multi domed structure or moon 520 00:19:23,100 --> 00:19:24,689 village, as they call it. 521 00:19:24,690 --> 00:19:26,789 And they they are working 522 00:19:26,790 --> 00:19:28,169 on it. 523 00:19:28,170 --> 00:19:29,429 I don't know what the what the current 524 00:19:29,430 --> 00:19:31,529 status, but they are planning to do it. 525 00:19:31,530 --> 00:19:34,289 And I said they have those 526 00:19:34,290 --> 00:19:35,609 they will screw based printers. 527 00:19:35,610 --> 00:19:37,709 And I think printing 528 00:19:37,710 --> 00:19:39,809 printing is really 3D printing. 529 00:19:39,810 --> 00:19:41,909 A base is is a very good idea 530 00:19:41,910 --> 00:19:43,739 because you want to use as much of the 531 00:19:43,740 --> 00:19:45,929 resources that are locally available 532 00:19:45,930 --> 00:19:48,149 as possible because 533 00:19:48,150 --> 00:19:49,889 bringing one. 534 00:19:49,890 --> 00:19:52,109 So to give you some perspective, 535 00:19:52,110 --> 00:19:54,419 so we want to bring something on 536 00:19:54,420 --> 00:19:56,429 the moon, which is our rover, which is 537 00:19:56,430 --> 00:19:58,470 about 30 kilograms. 538 00:19:59,700 --> 00:20:00,839 Actually, we want to bring a bit more. 539 00:20:00,840 --> 00:20:03,029 But back to that 540 00:20:03,030 --> 00:20:05,279 later. So we start with 541 00:20:05,280 --> 00:20:07,799 30 tons of rocket 542 00:20:07,800 --> 00:20:09,419 on earth. 543 00:20:09,420 --> 00:20:11,659 And we are until 544 00:20:11,660 --> 00:20:14,459 we are we are getting into the orbit. 545 00:20:14,460 --> 00:20:17,249 We are down to one and a half tons 546 00:20:17,250 --> 00:20:20,009 and one and a half tons. 547 00:20:20,010 --> 00:20:22,439 They they fly to the moon 548 00:20:22,440 --> 00:20:24,689 and then they do the soft landing 549 00:20:24,690 --> 00:20:26,069 pad thingy. 550 00:20:26,070 --> 00:20:28,169 And then we unload 551 00:20:28,170 --> 00:20:28,829 the rover. 552 00:20:28,830 --> 00:20:30,299 We collect the money from Google, make a 553 00:20:30,300 --> 00:20:31,229 party. 554 00:20:31,230 --> 00:20:33,519 And, um, 555 00:20:33,520 --> 00:20:36,659 we get about yeah. 556 00:20:36,660 --> 00:20:39,059 Tops about 100 kilograms of payload 557 00:20:39,060 --> 00:20:41,489 Mars to the surface, starting 558 00:20:41,490 --> 00:20:44,429 from 30 tons on Earth. 559 00:20:44,430 --> 00:20:46,649 So the ratio is 560 00:20:46,650 --> 00:20:47,729 very bad. 561 00:20:47,730 --> 00:20:49,949 And so the 562 00:20:49,950 --> 00:20:52,109 you want to use as much resources as 563 00:20:52,110 --> 00:20:53,969 possible, which is called in resource 564 00:20:53,970 --> 00:20:56,099 utilization, which is now 565 00:20:56,100 --> 00:20:58,889 a very active topic among 566 00:20:58,890 --> 00:21:00,959 planetary researchers because well, 567 00:21:00,960 --> 00:21:02,369 because of the rocket equation and the 568 00:21:02,370 --> 00:21:03,569 ratio that I told you about. 569 00:21:05,400 --> 00:21:06,959 Another very fancy idea 570 00:21:08,010 --> 00:21:10,139 about how you could 571 00:21:10,140 --> 00:21:12,509 actually print 572 00:21:12,510 --> 00:21:14,699 something is to 573 00:21:14,700 --> 00:21:15,700 make a summit 574 00:21:17,070 --> 00:21:19,619 reaction so you take the material 575 00:21:19,620 --> 00:21:21,809 and split it into 576 00:21:21,810 --> 00:21:24,359 the right parts and then you ignited 577 00:21:24,360 --> 00:21:26,549 and you should have 578 00:21:26,550 --> 00:21:28,949 a thermite reaction, 579 00:21:28,950 --> 00:21:32,429 which you can use for forecasting 580 00:21:32,430 --> 00:21:33,419 then. 581 00:21:33,420 --> 00:21:35,339 Well, it was apparently it was tested 582 00:21:35,340 --> 00:21:37,529 with some simulants and it 583 00:21:37,530 --> 00:21:38,530 should work 584 00:21:39,810 --> 00:21:40,979 whether it really does. 585 00:21:40,980 --> 00:21:41,980 Well, 586 00:21:43,260 --> 00:21:44,260 I don't know. 587 00:21:45,220 --> 00:21:46,460 But yeah. 588 00:21:49,090 --> 00:21:50,559 I was the as the. 589 00:21:52,970 --> 00:21:54,650 What is the iron and aluminum, 590 00:21:56,480 --> 00:21:59,089 iron oxide and aluminum, 591 00:21:59,090 --> 00:22:01,249 yeah, so you take you 592 00:22:01,250 --> 00:22:03,589 take iron oxide and aluminum and you 593 00:22:03,590 --> 00:22:05,989 ignited and then they start of a 594 00:22:05,990 --> 00:22:07,640 runaway reaction and. 595 00:22:10,150 --> 00:22:12,279 This is used for for example, for gluing 596 00:22:12,280 --> 00:22:15,519 together the railways, 597 00:22:15,520 --> 00:22:18,099 so it's it's very it's a very nice 598 00:22:18,100 --> 00:22:20,169 reaction that goes the temperature 599 00:22:20,170 --> 00:22:21,170 goes up very high, 600 00:22:22,540 --> 00:22:24,099 which makes it a little bit hard to 601 00:22:24,100 --> 00:22:24,829 handle. 602 00:22:24,830 --> 00:22:26,889 So not on the 603 00:22:26,890 --> 00:22:27,890 first try. 604 00:22:30,340 --> 00:22:31,340 Yeah. So 605 00:22:32,470 --> 00:22:34,299 I told you about those ideas. 606 00:22:36,040 --> 00:22:37,989 We are looking for people that do help 607 00:22:37,990 --> 00:22:39,819 us, for example. 608 00:22:39,820 --> 00:22:42,189 And so the question is, 609 00:22:42,190 --> 00:22:43,539 what are we next? 610 00:22:43,540 --> 00:22:45,519 What what are we up next? 611 00:22:45,520 --> 00:22:47,889 And among the 612 00:22:47,890 --> 00:22:49,719 things that we are working on right now 613 00:22:49,720 --> 00:22:50,799 is our ROVA. 614 00:22:50,800 --> 00:22:52,899 We are very happy about it if it works 615 00:22:52,900 --> 00:22:54,159 as we planned. 616 00:22:54,160 --> 00:22:56,409 And the next 617 00:22:56,410 --> 00:22:59,129 thing we start on with next year is to 618 00:22:59,130 --> 00:23:01,039 to build actually the lender. 619 00:23:01,040 --> 00:23:03,249 And so 620 00:23:03,250 --> 00:23:05,379 if you are interested in building 621 00:23:05,380 --> 00:23:07,899 a cold gas flying 622 00:23:07,900 --> 00:23:08,900 things. 623 00:23:18,740 --> 00:23:19,740 Something like this, 624 00:23:22,430 --> 00:23:25,529 you're you're very invited to 625 00:23:25,530 --> 00:23:27,799 to join us and 626 00:23:27,800 --> 00:23:30,289 to shoot us an email, and 627 00:23:30,290 --> 00:23:32,359 one of the things that they forgot 628 00:23:32,360 --> 00:23:33,619 to mention, we 629 00:23:34,790 --> 00:23:36,449 we also have payload opportunities. 630 00:23:36,450 --> 00:23:38,779 So we we want to we are sending 631 00:23:38,780 --> 00:23:40,249 actually some of the payload that we can 632 00:23:40,250 --> 00:23:42,019 take to the moon. And if you if you're 633 00:23:42,020 --> 00:23:44,319 interested in helping us to 634 00:23:44,320 --> 00:23:46,669 to shoot microwaves at some 635 00:23:46,670 --> 00:23:48,830 rate, some real, real lunar Regulus, 636 00:23:50,360 --> 00:23:52,549 we're looking forward to hearing 637 00:23:52,550 --> 00:23:54,859 from you. And unfortunately, because 638 00:23:54,860 --> 00:23:56,449 I didn't have much time to prepare the 639 00:23:56,450 --> 00:23:58,669 presentation that actually already 640 00:23:58,670 --> 00:24:00,829 done. But I hope you have tons 641 00:24:00,830 --> 00:24:01,830 of questions and 642 00:24:02,960 --> 00:24:05,059 I hope I can I can answer 643 00:24:05,060 --> 00:24:06,239 them to you. Sorry. 644 00:24:06,240 --> 00:24:07,240 Thanks. 645 00:24:16,820 --> 00:24:18,289 That was. 646 00:24:18,290 --> 00:24:20,569 Am I on? Yes, that was a quick 647 00:24:20,570 --> 00:24:22,939 and I found it very interesting 648 00:24:22,940 --> 00:24:25,039 talks. So if you would 649 00:24:25,040 --> 00:24:27,859 need to leave now, please do so quietly. 650 00:24:27,860 --> 00:24:30,349 And if you have any questions, 651 00:24:30,350 --> 00:24:32,569 please line up at the microphones 652 00:24:32,570 --> 00:24:34,699 on the right or on the left 653 00:24:34,700 --> 00:24:37,400 side, and 654 00:24:38,630 --> 00:24:40,729 please keep the voices down 655 00:24:40,730 --> 00:24:43,189 so we can hear the questions 656 00:24:43,190 --> 00:24:45,709 from the microphones. 657 00:24:45,710 --> 00:24:48,199 So if you want to talk, then 658 00:24:48,200 --> 00:24:49,309 also leave. 659 00:24:49,310 --> 00:24:50,509 That would be very nice. 660 00:24:50,510 --> 00:24:52,759 So please be quiet 661 00:24:52,760 --> 00:24:54,829 right now. Quiet. 662 00:24:54,830 --> 00:24:56,069 Very quiet. 663 00:24:56,070 --> 00:24:57,409 OK, very good. 664 00:24:57,410 --> 00:24:59,959 So first question on the right side, 665 00:24:59,960 --> 00:25:01,909 the front microphone. 666 00:25:01,910 --> 00:25:03,299 Hello, sir. 667 00:25:03,300 --> 00:25:05,479 You mentioned the rocket of about 30 668 00:25:05,480 --> 00:25:06,589 tons. 669 00:25:06,590 --> 00:25:09,199 Do you currently engaging with anyone 670 00:25:09,200 --> 00:25:11,419 who is building these rockets or selling 671 00:25:11,420 --> 00:25:12,420 them? 672 00:25:14,450 --> 00:25:16,669 Yeah, we are in negotiations with 673 00:25:16,670 --> 00:25:18,919 with the Indians 674 00:25:18,920 --> 00:25:20,979 regarding the purchase of vehicles. 675 00:25:20,980 --> 00:25:23,059 So we want to we plan to use 676 00:25:23,060 --> 00:25:23,959 that one. 677 00:25:23,960 --> 00:25:25,699 We are also in discussions with with 678 00:25:25,700 --> 00:25:26,700 other alternatives. 679 00:25:28,190 --> 00:25:30,919 Just so we are we are in discussions 680 00:25:30,920 --> 00:25:31,920 about that. 681 00:25:34,260 --> 00:25:36,579 OK, are there Internet questions 682 00:25:36,580 --> 00:25:38,249 there are at the moment no Internet 683 00:25:38,250 --> 00:25:41,129 questions. So next question from 684 00:25:41,130 --> 00:25:42,929 again, the right microphone. 685 00:25:42,930 --> 00:25:46,019 Hello. Can't you simply melt, 686 00:25:46,020 --> 00:25:48,899 deregulate by focusing sunlight? 687 00:25:48,900 --> 00:25:51,389 Oh, yeah. That's there was an alternative 688 00:25:51,390 --> 00:25:53,609 that that we were also 689 00:25:53,610 --> 00:25:54,629 thinking about. 690 00:25:54,630 --> 00:25:56,729 The problem with with that is that 691 00:25:57,780 --> 00:26:00,359 you need to have so 692 00:26:00,360 --> 00:26:01,709 the target temperature that you're aiming 693 00:26:01,710 --> 00:26:04,439 for is about 1200 694 00:26:04,440 --> 00:26:07,459 degrees Celsius if you want to use 695 00:26:07,460 --> 00:26:09,689 it. If you want to use sunlight, 696 00:26:09,690 --> 00:26:11,969 you would need to connect enough to 697 00:26:11,970 --> 00:26:14,039 create about 40 watts 698 00:26:14,040 --> 00:26:16,169 of of heat 699 00:26:16,170 --> 00:26:17,369 in a very small 700 00:26:18,390 --> 00:26:19,409 area. 701 00:26:19,410 --> 00:26:21,809 So you need to have a rather 702 00:26:21,810 --> 00:26:24,179 large optical 703 00:26:24,180 --> 00:26:26,249 thing. And if you know optical 704 00:26:26,250 --> 00:26:28,349 things, those are fragile. 705 00:26:28,350 --> 00:26:30,719 And launching in a rocket is the 706 00:26:30,720 --> 00:26:32,909 exact opposite of, you know, of 707 00:26:32,910 --> 00:26:34,409 having a chip by DHL. 708 00:26:34,410 --> 00:26:35,729 Well, I don't know. 709 00:26:35,730 --> 00:26:36,730 It's 710 00:26:37,920 --> 00:26:39,389 I don't know who I was consulting with 711 00:26:39,390 --> 00:26:40,889 that or the rockets. 712 00:26:40,890 --> 00:26:42,959 But anyway, 713 00:26:42,960 --> 00:26:45,359 so it's you 714 00:26:45,360 --> 00:26:47,419 you can take the you 715 00:26:47,420 --> 00:26:49,199 could in theory, it would be possible. 716 00:26:49,200 --> 00:26:50,460 Yes. And it has been tested. 717 00:26:51,810 --> 00:26:53,159 The problem is that you need to have a 718 00:26:53,160 --> 00:26:55,899 mechanical constructions 719 00:26:55,900 --> 00:26:58,619 for focusing and for 720 00:26:58,620 --> 00:26:59,729 getting it to the moon. 721 00:26:59,730 --> 00:27:01,919 And after you have done 722 00:27:01,920 --> 00:27:04,169 that, you also got to do something 723 00:27:04,170 --> 00:27:06,319 useful with that. So you need to 724 00:27:06,320 --> 00:27:08,429 you need to just not just focus it on 725 00:27:08,430 --> 00:27:10,559 a point, but you need to move 726 00:27:10,560 --> 00:27:11,890 around the focus point as well. 727 00:27:12,930 --> 00:27:14,939 So from a mechanical construction point 728 00:27:14,940 --> 00:27:17,039 of view, that gets very difficult, 729 00:27:17,040 --> 00:27:19,109 which is why we especially 730 00:27:19,110 --> 00:27:21,179 like the idea about the microwaving 731 00:27:21,180 --> 00:27:23,309 where you just, you know, 732 00:27:23,310 --> 00:27:25,559 creates it's it's not really 733 00:27:25,560 --> 00:27:27,629 3-D printing, but you're you're 734 00:27:27,630 --> 00:27:29,729 showing some interesting 735 00:27:29,730 --> 00:27:31,859 prospect about the regular surface. 736 00:27:31,860 --> 00:27:34,049 And that is that is not 737 00:27:34,050 --> 00:27:36,029 possible with the simulant. 738 00:27:36,030 --> 00:27:37,619 So this is why we are preferring that. 739 00:27:40,260 --> 00:27:42,419 OK, next question on the left 740 00:27:42,420 --> 00:27:45,229 side, the front microphone that you 741 00:27:45,230 --> 00:27:47,249 see, I think there is currently also a 742 00:27:47,250 --> 00:27:49,619 challenge from 743 00:27:49,620 --> 00:27:51,959 NASA to do 3-D printing 744 00:27:51,960 --> 00:27:54,869 of Habitrail modules on Mars. 745 00:27:54,870 --> 00:27:55,949 Do you have some, like, 746 00:27:57,000 --> 00:27:58,139 something to say about that? 747 00:27:58,140 --> 00:28:00,569 Like what's the difference as to moon 748 00:28:00,570 --> 00:28:02,699 and what methods might 749 00:28:02,700 --> 00:28:03,479 work? 750 00:28:03,480 --> 00:28:04,480 Um. 751 00:28:05,610 --> 00:28:07,169 I know about the challenge. 752 00:28:07,170 --> 00:28:08,460 I think it's a very good idea. 753 00:28:09,750 --> 00:28:11,879 We I didn't investigate it 754 00:28:11,880 --> 00:28:14,459 too closely to I have to say, 755 00:28:14,460 --> 00:28:16,589 but I think that in some 756 00:28:16,590 --> 00:28:19,349 ways to the Regulus is 757 00:28:19,350 --> 00:28:22,259 it's easier to handle because you have 758 00:28:22,260 --> 00:28:24,509 you have those elemental 759 00:28:24,510 --> 00:28:26,699 Iren that are sitting in the glass beads 760 00:28:26,700 --> 00:28:28,859 and but 761 00:28:28,860 --> 00:28:29,969 maybe I'm wrong. 762 00:28:29,970 --> 00:28:32,249 So it's well, I have 763 00:28:32,250 --> 00:28:34,499 it's both very difficult to 764 00:28:34,500 --> 00:28:36,119 to really print on the moon and to 765 00:28:36,120 --> 00:28:37,919 rebuild on the on the Mars. 766 00:28:37,920 --> 00:28:40,079 But I cannot exactly tell you which 767 00:28:40,080 --> 00:28:42,099 one is more challenging. 768 00:28:42,100 --> 00:28:44,249 It's Yeah. 769 00:28:44,250 --> 00:28:45,449 Sorry, but. 770 00:28:47,450 --> 00:28:49,539 I could imagine that when you 771 00:28:49,540 --> 00:28:50,899 when you're thinking or three, depending 772 00:28:50,900 --> 00:28:53,539 on the on the math, you're 773 00:28:53,540 --> 00:28:55,489 most probably not thinking about 774 00:28:56,660 --> 00:28:57,969 or maybe you do. 775 00:28:57,970 --> 00:28:59,569 Hmm. I was thinking how much robotic 776 00:28:59,570 --> 00:29:01,399 missions, if you to think about math. 777 00:29:01,400 --> 00:29:03,259 There are always people that are already 778 00:29:03,260 --> 00:29:04,669 well on the moon. There's no one which is 779 00:29:04,670 --> 00:29:06,200 stupid, but. 780 00:29:08,790 --> 00:29:09,790 Yeah, 781 00:29:10,860 --> 00:29:12,909 OK, a question from the Internet. 782 00:29:14,130 --> 00:29:15,809 Yeah, the first question is, is it 783 00:29:15,810 --> 00:29:17,939 possible to focus on microwaves 784 00:29:17,940 --> 00:29:20,309 sharp enough to get laser quality 785 00:29:20,310 --> 00:29:21,959 precision in the 3D print? 786 00:29:23,340 --> 00:29:25,259 That's a very good question. 787 00:29:25,260 --> 00:29:27,989 Um, in 788 00:29:27,990 --> 00:29:29,549 theory, with some 789 00:29:30,810 --> 00:29:33,209 antenna designs, it should 790 00:29:33,210 --> 00:29:35,279 be possible, but that might be 791 00:29:35,280 --> 00:29:35,639 difficult. 792 00:29:35,640 --> 00:29:36,640 What do you say? 793 00:29:39,020 --> 00:29:41,219 So the expert answer is it depends 794 00:29:41,220 --> 00:29:43,319 on the wavelengths. Um, 795 00:29:43,320 --> 00:29:45,719 yeah. No, I would say that, yeah, it's 796 00:29:45,720 --> 00:29:47,909 it's definitely more challenging than 797 00:29:47,910 --> 00:29:50,309 having a laser where you have the light 798 00:29:50,310 --> 00:29:50,709 anyway. 799 00:29:50,710 --> 00:29:51,710 So 800 00:29:52,840 --> 00:29:55,259 it would be probably a bit more difficult 801 00:29:55,260 --> 00:29:58,439 to, um, to 802 00:29:58,440 --> 00:30:00,689 to focus that. But the 803 00:30:00,690 --> 00:30:02,639 interesting thing about, you know, we 804 00:30:02,640 --> 00:30:04,849 know from with a laser that 805 00:30:04,850 --> 00:30:06,329 it works with the civilians and so we can 806 00:30:06,330 --> 00:30:07,499 test it on Earth. 807 00:30:07,500 --> 00:30:09,659 But with a microwave, it 808 00:30:09,660 --> 00:30:11,789 doesn't work on the on 809 00:30:11,790 --> 00:30:13,229 Earth. And so I think it's more 810 00:30:13,230 --> 00:30:15,419 interesting to test that one out first, 811 00:30:15,420 --> 00:30:17,249 but also it's more energy efficient. 812 00:30:18,960 --> 00:30:21,389 OK, again, from the 813 00:30:21,390 --> 00:30:23,040 microphone on the left side 814 00:30:24,060 --> 00:30:26,129 and yeah, first of all, thanks 815 00:30:26,130 --> 00:30:28,419 for your very nice presentation 816 00:30:28,420 --> 00:30:30,659 and I think I kind 817 00:30:30,660 --> 00:30:32,489 of imagined something completely 818 00:30:32,490 --> 00:30:34,379 different from, you know, as for 819 00:30:34,380 --> 00:30:36,569 fingerprinting, printing, but 820 00:30:36,570 --> 00:30:38,669 you're this microwave vehicle 821 00:30:38,670 --> 00:30:41,159 that you showed that basically 822 00:30:41,160 --> 00:30:42,569 creates street 823 00:30:43,620 --> 00:30:44,609 passes. 824 00:30:44,610 --> 00:30:46,769 And if you want to 825 00:30:46,770 --> 00:30:48,869 make a structure out of it, how do you 826 00:30:48,870 --> 00:30:50,579 raise it up? Like how do you build 827 00:30:50,580 --> 00:30:51,969 something with it? 828 00:30:51,970 --> 00:30:52,970 Um. 829 00:30:53,590 --> 00:30:55,630 So let me 830 00:30:56,920 --> 00:30:58,689 go back with that, so 831 00:30:59,950 --> 00:31:02,199 the basic idea from 832 00:31:02,200 --> 00:31:04,839 the FDA is proposing is say 833 00:31:04,840 --> 00:31:05,890 that you actually have 834 00:31:07,180 --> 00:31:09,489 some some clue 835 00:31:09,490 --> 00:31:12,059 things. So they are applying 836 00:31:12,060 --> 00:31:14,139 Cloo at certain parts of 837 00:31:14,140 --> 00:31:16,599 binding material to be more precise. 838 00:31:16,600 --> 00:31:19,479 And and then they're using 839 00:31:19,480 --> 00:31:21,489 both those kinds of things to to put on 840 00:31:21,490 --> 00:31:23,619 the next of 841 00:31:23,620 --> 00:31:25,149 the next layer. 842 00:31:25,150 --> 00:31:27,309 And it was microwave. 843 00:31:27,310 --> 00:31:29,319 You could actually do the same. 844 00:31:29,320 --> 00:31:31,419 So you can you can build 845 00:31:31,420 --> 00:31:33,429 one layer. Then you put it on the mixed 846 00:31:33,430 --> 00:31:35,559 material on top and then you go over 847 00:31:35,560 --> 00:31:36,759 it again. 848 00:31:36,760 --> 00:31:38,949 The problem is the problem with that is 849 00:31:38,950 --> 00:31:41,049 that, uh, we 850 00:31:41,050 --> 00:31:43,869 we don't have enough samples to 851 00:31:43,870 --> 00:31:45,789 to know anything about the material that 852 00:31:45,790 --> 00:31:47,919 is that is deep 853 00:31:47,920 --> 00:31:48,949 within the regular. 854 00:31:48,950 --> 00:31:50,290 So we know that 855 00:31:51,880 --> 00:31:54,069 the microwave based thing had that's been 856 00:31:54,070 --> 00:31:56,559 tested with Apollo 17 dust, 857 00:31:56,560 --> 00:31:57,970 about 80 grams of it 858 00:31:59,110 --> 00:32:01,149 that was collected from the surface. 859 00:32:01,150 --> 00:32:03,339 The problem is we don't know whether 860 00:32:03,340 --> 00:32:06,309 the same properties are are 861 00:32:06,310 --> 00:32:08,519 applying at material that 862 00:32:08,520 --> 00:32:10,419 at a bigger depth. 863 00:32:10,420 --> 00:32:12,849 So there is 864 00:32:12,850 --> 00:32:15,099 there is a lot of research that that 865 00:32:15,100 --> 00:32:16,479 could be done on the moon 866 00:32:17,620 --> 00:32:19,119 to know about that. But that would be the 867 00:32:19,120 --> 00:32:21,010 basic way of building something that you 868 00:32:22,860 --> 00:32:25,449 would use a bulldozer, put up material, 869 00:32:25,450 --> 00:32:27,519 you microwave it, you 870 00:32:27,520 --> 00:32:28,449 put the next layer on. 871 00:32:28,450 --> 00:32:30,639 This is not for printing a 872 00:32:30,640 --> 00:32:31,779 gearbox or something. 873 00:32:31,780 --> 00:32:33,729 This is for building structures like like 874 00:32:33,730 --> 00:32:34,730 these. 875 00:32:36,280 --> 00:32:38,079 OK, next question. 876 00:32:38,080 --> 00:32:40,239 The right microphone on the front. 877 00:32:40,240 --> 00:32:42,099 Yeah, I think my question is more for 878 00:32:42,100 --> 00:32:44,289 you, Specialisterne, from that. 879 00:32:44,290 --> 00:32:46,359 Who do you like intend to do to make 880 00:32:46,360 --> 00:32:48,189 those microwaves on the moon. 881 00:32:48,190 --> 00:32:50,650 You use my magnetron or like 882 00:32:51,780 --> 00:32:53,649 yes, it's not something that is light or 883 00:32:53,650 --> 00:32:55,449 light and you need a lot of power. 884 00:32:55,450 --> 00:32:57,579 So actually, this is a 885 00:32:57,580 --> 00:32:59,319 this is the funny thing about about the 886 00:32:59,320 --> 00:33:00,320 magnetron. It's 887 00:33:02,020 --> 00:33:04,489 the energy that is that you need for 888 00:33:04,490 --> 00:33:06,829 for getting the material up to 889 00:33:06,830 --> 00:33:09,069 up to 1200 degrees is actually 890 00:33:09,070 --> 00:33:10,869 just 200 watts. 891 00:33:10,870 --> 00:33:12,220 And you just need it for 892 00:33:13,300 --> 00:33:15,550 what? I think it was 30 seconds 893 00:33:17,020 --> 00:33:19,109 because you have to because 894 00:33:19,110 --> 00:33:20,949 you have to some of the runaway reaction 895 00:33:20,950 --> 00:33:21,950 going on when 896 00:33:23,110 --> 00:33:24,069 with the microwave. 897 00:33:24,070 --> 00:33:26,259 So that's so you don't 898 00:33:26,260 --> 00:33:29,349 need much energy. 899 00:33:29,350 --> 00:33:31,599 So that's one of the significant 900 00:33:31,600 --> 00:33:35,019 advantages of a laser and 901 00:33:35,020 --> 00:33:36,999 about the weight and the size of the 902 00:33:37,000 --> 00:33:39,339 microphone. Well, yeah, that's 903 00:33:39,340 --> 00:33:40,239 interesting. 904 00:33:40,240 --> 00:33:42,280 But like you have like seating 905 00:33:43,300 --> 00:33:45,039 for the what? 906 00:33:45,040 --> 00:33:45,999 The magnetron. 907 00:33:46,000 --> 00:33:47,689 Yeah. Because you're going to have like 908 00:33:47,690 --> 00:33:48,939 DCP, there is no atmosphere. 909 00:33:48,940 --> 00:33:50,169 So Yeah. 910 00:33:50,170 --> 00:33:52,329 I mean like Vegeta or something. 911 00:33:52,330 --> 00:33:52,659 Yeah. 912 00:33:52,660 --> 00:33:54,189 Getting rid of heaters is always very 913 00:33:54,190 --> 00:33:55,179 difficult because you don't have an 914 00:33:55,180 --> 00:33:57,489 atmosphere, so you need to limit 915 00:33:57,490 --> 00:34:00,159 it dissipated by infrared radiation. 916 00:34:00,160 --> 00:34:01,959 But this is for example, something that 917 00:34:01,960 --> 00:34:04,159 that we are doing in our rova as well. 918 00:34:04,160 --> 00:34:06,819 If we need to, we need to get 919 00:34:06,820 --> 00:34:07,749 rid of the heat. 920 00:34:07,750 --> 00:34:09,698 And the basic ways you are doing that is 921 00:34:09,699 --> 00:34:12,249 that, for example, with 922 00:34:12,250 --> 00:34:13,689 a solar panel, we are building a settled 923 00:34:13,690 --> 00:34:15,789 area and we have the 924 00:34:15,790 --> 00:34:17,769 one side of the tunnel where the 925 00:34:17,770 --> 00:34:19,238 electronics are sitting in. 926 00:34:19,239 --> 00:34:21,479 The rover is pointing at the blacks, 927 00:34:22,780 --> 00:34:24,939 at the black stars, the 928 00:34:24,940 --> 00:34:26,979 black space. 929 00:34:26,980 --> 00:34:29,649 And so you have here you have 930 00:34:29,650 --> 00:34:31,928 then a lot of cooling 931 00:34:31,929 --> 00:34:34,178 that is going on. And radiative cooling 932 00:34:34,179 --> 00:34:36,279 can be very efficient, especially when 933 00:34:36,280 --> 00:34:38,658 you're when you're using 934 00:34:38,659 --> 00:34:39,819 special coatings. 935 00:34:39,820 --> 00:34:41,289 So I didn't know that. But it's very cool 936 00:34:41,290 --> 00:34:43,178 there. There's there's a color that you 937 00:34:43,179 --> 00:34:44,349 can put on something and 938 00:34:45,370 --> 00:34:46,839 it only has a 10 percent solar 939 00:34:46,840 --> 00:34:49,119 acceptance. So you just get 10 940 00:34:49,120 --> 00:34:51,999 percent from the solar heat 941 00:34:52,000 --> 00:34:54,069 in Watts. But you can still radiate 90 942 00:34:54,070 --> 00:34:56,289 percent of the of the energy 943 00:34:56,290 --> 00:34:58,959 that that is that's emitting. 944 00:34:58,960 --> 00:34:59,960 So that's pretty cool. 945 00:35:01,150 --> 00:35:03,579 OK, the next two questions 946 00:35:03,580 --> 00:35:05,529 from the Internet. 947 00:35:05,530 --> 00:35:08,029 Yeah, they're completely unrelated. 948 00:35:08,030 --> 00:35:09,369 Started the first one. 949 00:35:09,370 --> 00:35:11,549 Uh, the since the regular 950 00:35:11,550 --> 00:35:13,989 simulants are not really adequate, 951 00:35:13,990 --> 00:35:15,849 do you know of any robot missions that 952 00:35:15,850 --> 00:35:17,649 are planned to bring some of the stuff 953 00:35:17,650 --> 00:35:18,650 back? 954 00:35:20,320 --> 00:35:22,749 Um, if I remember 955 00:35:22,750 --> 00:35:25,359 correctly, the Chinese 956 00:35:25,360 --> 00:35:27,340 mission, the last one was actually 957 00:35:28,720 --> 00:35:31,449 there was a flyby and they were 958 00:35:31,450 --> 00:35:33,729 testing the whole putting material back 959 00:35:33,730 --> 00:35:34,719 mechanism. 960 00:35:34,720 --> 00:35:36,909 And it was the next, uh, mission, 961 00:35:36,910 --> 00:35:39,729 which would be CHUNGE three 962 00:35:39,730 --> 00:35:41,169 or four. 963 00:35:41,170 --> 00:35:44,169 They actually want to 964 00:35:44,170 --> 00:35:45,729 bring material back. 965 00:35:45,730 --> 00:35:47,709 So that would be the first time in a few 966 00:35:47,710 --> 00:35:49,600 decades that new material from the 967 00:35:50,860 --> 00:35:52,239 from the moon is coming back. 968 00:35:54,000 --> 00:35:57,179 And the completely unrelated question, 969 00:35:57,180 --> 00:35:59,579 what are the requirements to join the 970 00:35:59,580 --> 00:36:00,580 scientists 971 00:36:02,250 --> 00:36:03,250 so 972 00:36:05,220 --> 00:36:06,220 well? 973 00:36:07,200 --> 00:36:09,329 Well, actually, the requirement 974 00:36:09,330 --> 00:36:11,429 is that that you're interested in 975 00:36:11,430 --> 00:36:14,459 doing something crazy and 976 00:36:14,460 --> 00:36:16,109 that you're passionate about what you are 977 00:36:16,110 --> 00:36:18,929 doing, that you know, 978 00:36:18,930 --> 00:36:20,159 that you want to contribute. 979 00:36:20,160 --> 00:36:22,380 You know, you can you can contribute as 980 00:36:23,880 --> 00:36:25,979 in part time so you don't have to quit 981 00:36:25,980 --> 00:36:27,959 your job and start with us. 982 00:36:27,960 --> 00:36:30,569 If you if you want to be working for us 983 00:36:30,570 --> 00:36:32,789 full time, it gets a bit more 984 00:36:32,790 --> 00:36:33,959 challenging. 985 00:36:33,960 --> 00:36:36,089 But we also we always accepting 986 00:36:36,090 --> 00:36:38,399 new new applications. 987 00:36:38,400 --> 00:36:40,619 And so if you're interested in helping us 988 00:36:40,620 --> 00:36:42,869 doing anything with us, 989 00:36:42,870 --> 00:36:45,239 just send me an email with 990 00:36:45,240 --> 00:36:48,479 with what you're interested in doing and 991 00:36:48,480 --> 00:36:50,369 we'll find something. 992 00:36:50,370 --> 00:36:51,749 There should be a form on the website, 993 00:36:51,750 --> 00:36:53,040 which usually does not work, 994 00:36:54,420 --> 00:36:56,819 where you can apply officially. 995 00:36:58,210 --> 00:37:00,309 OK, we still have a few 996 00:37:00,310 --> 00:37:01,419 questions. 997 00:37:01,420 --> 00:37:03,009 The left hand side to the microphone, 998 00:37:03,010 --> 00:37:04,010 please. 999 00:37:04,890 --> 00:37:07,079 I what layer size 1000 00:37:07,080 --> 00:37:09,629 are we looking at of the microwaving, um, 1001 00:37:09,630 --> 00:37:12,749 like maybe with the rover or 1002 00:37:12,750 --> 00:37:14,889 thick, can you microwave? 1003 00:37:14,890 --> 00:37:15,890 Um. 1004 00:37:19,020 --> 00:37:20,519 I promise. 1005 00:37:20,520 --> 00:37:23,249 Mm, no, actually, actually, it's 1006 00:37:23,250 --> 00:37:25,199 it's quite thick, so it's it's about 20 1007 00:37:25,200 --> 00:37:27,419 meters, if I remember 1008 00:37:27,420 --> 00:37:28,319 correctly. 1009 00:37:28,320 --> 00:37:29,320 There is. 1010 00:37:32,320 --> 00:37:33,639 In the paper, what they were talking 1011 00:37:33,640 --> 00:37:35,979 about, three 1012 00:37:35,980 --> 00:37:37,449 to five centimeters, but I would have to 1013 00:37:37,450 --> 00:37:37,839 look it up. 1014 00:37:37,840 --> 00:37:39,969 There was a there was a very 1015 00:37:39,970 --> 00:37:43,059 nice paper ball from 1016 00:37:43,060 --> 00:37:45,429 from someone called Taylor 1017 00:37:45,430 --> 00:37:47,619 who's really into geological 1018 00:37:47,620 --> 00:37:49,679 things. And it's 1019 00:37:49,680 --> 00:37:51,529 it's very worth reading about it. 1020 00:37:51,530 --> 00:37:54,219 It's it's also cited in the slides. 1021 00:37:54,220 --> 00:37:55,220 Um. 1022 00:37:56,460 --> 00:37:58,349 Let me find that one. 1023 00:38:02,060 --> 00:38:04,159 So it's the microwave sintering of lunar 1024 00:38:04,160 --> 00:38:05,480 soil by Taylor, 1025 00:38:06,590 --> 00:38:08,689 if you Google Taylor and lunar thing, 1026 00:38:08,690 --> 00:38:09,919 there are multiple tailless, but they are 1027 00:38:09,920 --> 00:38:11,869 all doing 3D printing on the moon, which 1028 00:38:11,870 --> 00:38:14,089 I find very, very which I find very 1029 00:38:14,090 --> 00:38:15,090 interesting. 1030 00:38:16,160 --> 00:38:18,289 I think that that was 1031 00:38:18,290 --> 00:38:20,539 rather surprisingly big. 1032 00:38:20,540 --> 00:38:22,729 And are you going to do 1033 00:38:22,730 --> 00:38:25,309 it with your rover or is it just 1034 00:38:25,310 --> 00:38:25,619 not? 1035 00:38:25,620 --> 00:38:27,229 So we are not going to do it with the 1036 00:38:27,230 --> 00:38:29,089 rover, but most likely not. 1037 00:38:30,230 --> 00:38:32,389 The idea would be on our 1038 00:38:32,390 --> 00:38:34,369 rovers. We have we have something that's 1039 00:38:34,370 --> 00:38:36,439 called top container, which 1040 00:38:36,440 --> 00:38:37,440 are 1041 00:38:39,080 --> 00:38:40,909 triangular structures that are sitting 1042 00:38:40,910 --> 00:38:43,039 below the solar panel, and they can 1043 00:38:43,040 --> 00:38:45,109 actually fall on the surface of the moon 1044 00:38:45,110 --> 00:38:47,269 and then they deploy. 1045 00:38:47,270 --> 00:38:49,519 And then you have like some solar 1046 00:38:49,520 --> 00:38:52,189 power on the sides and you have 1047 00:38:52,190 --> 00:38:53,809 some experiments in the middle. 1048 00:38:53,810 --> 00:38:55,999 And the idea is to use one 1049 00:38:56,000 --> 00:38:58,189 of those drop containers for putting 1050 00:38:58,190 --> 00:39:00,259 the microwave experiment in 1051 00:39:00,260 --> 00:39:01,399 there. 1052 00:39:01,400 --> 00:39:03,169 So it would, you know, drop on the 1053 00:39:03,170 --> 00:39:05,029 surface somewhere outside our landing 1054 00:39:05,030 --> 00:39:06,119 area. 1055 00:39:06,120 --> 00:39:07,249 Thank you. 1056 00:39:07,250 --> 00:39:09,449 OK, the next question from the right hand 1057 00:39:09,450 --> 00:39:10,450 side microphone. 1058 00:39:11,950 --> 00:39:12,869 Hello. 1059 00:39:12,870 --> 00:39:15,029 So you mentioned this stepwise 1060 00:39:15,030 --> 00:39:17,939 procedure where you do something less 1061 00:39:17,940 --> 00:39:19,829 ambitious, like your first goal was to 1062 00:39:19,830 --> 00:39:22,019 land the rover, had you considered 1063 00:39:22,020 --> 00:39:23,759 applying that to the 3D printing, too, 1064 00:39:23,760 --> 00:39:25,349 and perhaps starting out with something 1065 00:39:25,350 --> 00:39:27,629 like like what was mentioned by you say 1066 00:39:27,630 --> 00:39:29,969 like bringing a binding agent 1067 00:39:29,970 --> 00:39:32,369 and trying to see if that'll 1068 00:39:32,370 --> 00:39:34,050 produce usable 3D prints first. 1069 00:39:36,070 --> 00:39:38,229 Well, yeah, 1070 00:39:38,230 --> 00:39:40,959 that's I mean, that would be a fair idea. 1071 00:39:40,960 --> 00:39:43,150 But on the other hand, microwave's so 1072 00:39:46,000 --> 00:39:48,759 the microwave's are you know, I'm 1073 00:39:48,760 --> 00:39:50,889 so so I'm a computer scientist and I like 1074 00:39:50,890 --> 00:39:52,749 microwaves. I don't like chemistry 1075 00:39:52,750 --> 00:39:53,750 chemicals. 1076 00:39:56,680 --> 00:39:58,300 So, yeah, it's I think that 1077 00:39:59,470 --> 00:40:01,300 that doing the microwave thing is 1078 00:40:02,500 --> 00:40:04,779 easier than 1079 00:40:04,780 --> 00:40:06,969 than probably the binding material thing. 1080 00:40:06,970 --> 00:40:08,559 And also from a scientific perspective, 1081 00:40:08,560 --> 00:40:10,659 it adds more value because, 1082 00:40:10,660 --> 00:40:12,189 you know, that was a binding material. 1083 00:40:12,190 --> 00:40:14,019 You can you can create structures. 1084 00:40:14,020 --> 00:40:16,269 And with the laser, you can you 1085 00:40:16,270 --> 00:40:17,829 can build things as well. 1086 00:40:17,830 --> 00:40:19,749 But with the microwave oven thing does 1087 00:40:19,750 --> 00:40:21,159 not work with the simulants, which is I 1088 00:40:21,160 --> 00:40:23,529 think is makes it even more interesting 1089 00:40:23,530 --> 00:40:25,629 to actually try it on the surfaces 1090 00:40:25,630 --> 00:40:26,630 on the first try. 1091 00:40:29,080 --> 00:40:30,969 OK, another question from that 1092 00:40:30,970 --> 00:40:31,970 microphone, please. 1093 00:40:33,010 --> 00:40:35,079 How do you plan, sir? 1094 00:40:35,080 --> 00:40:37,239 How do you plan to look at the 1095 00:40:37,240 --> 00:40:39,649 decomposing rover of Apollo 17? 1096 00:40:39,650 --> 00:40:41,829 Just take a picture or with the rover, 1097 00:40:41,830 --> 00:40:43,999 have some special device. 1098 00:40:44,000 --> 00:40:45,849 Um, yeah. 1099 00:40:45,850 --> 00:40:48,399 So the thing is, our rover, 1100 00:40:48,400 --> 00:40:51,189 um, as you 1101 00:40:51,190 --> 00:40:52,479 saw. 1102 00:40:54,050 --> 00:40:56,709 OK, so the question was 1103 00:40:56,710 --> 00:40:59,010 how we are actually going to analyze the 1104 00:41:01,150 --> 00:41:03,459 raw material, and the thing is that 1105 00:41:03,460 --> 00:41:05,319 as you can see in the rover, we have 1106 00:41:05,320 --> 00:41:07,449 yeah, we have you have three 1107 00:41:07,450 --> 00:41:09,669 cameras and two of which 1108 00:41:09,670 --> 00:41:12,009 are color sensors, 1109 00:41:12,010 --> 00:41:13,149 which are wide-angle. 1110 00:41:13,150 --> 00:41:15,069 So those are used for driving. 1111 00:41:15,070 --> 00:41:17,679 And the middle one is 1112 00:41:17,680 --> 00:41:19,179 a satellite lens with a black and white 1113 00:41:19,180 --> 00:41:21,339 sensor. And in front of the sensor 1114 00:41:21,340 --> 00:41:23,499 there is there is a color filter so that 1115 00:41:23,500 --> 00:41:25,329 you can look at different wavelengths. 1116 00:41:25,330 --> 00:41:27,399 And with that, we can do some 1117 00:41:27,400 --> 00:41:29,769 some analysis about 1118 00:41:29,770 --> 00:41:31,839 about the material that and 1119 00:41:31,840 --> 00:41:33,219 how it is behaving. 1120 00:41:33,220 --> 00:41:35,349 The problem actually would be to 1121 00:41:35,350 --> 00:41:37,599 drive up to the rover and bump into 1122 00:41:37,600 --> 00:41:38,859 it or something like this, because there 1123 00:41:38,860 --> 00:41:41,109 are some some guidelines on 1124 00:41:41,110 --> 00:41:42,939 on how to approach the Apollo landing 1125 00:41:42,940 --> 00:41:45,939 sites. And there are some protections, 1126 00:41:45,940 --> 00:41:48,399 areas where we are not allowed to 1127 00:41:48,400 --> 00:41:50,199 to land and there are productive areas 1128 00:41:50,200 --> 00:41:52,179 where we are not allowed to drive in. 1129 00:41:52,180 --> 00:41:54,699 And fortunately, 1130 00:41:54,700 --> 00:41:57,279 at Apollo 17, the 1131 00:41:57,280 --> 00:41:59,529 balloon rover, the that they use 1132 00:41:59,530 --> 00:42:01,959 for driving is actually standing outside 1133 00:42:01,960 --> 00:42:04,449 of the protection area for driving by. 1134 00:42:04,450 --> 00:42:07,059 I don't know if that is intentional 1135 00:42:07,060 --> 00:42:08,230 or a mishap. 1136 00:42:09,400 --> 00:42:11,529 So we would not be violating 1137 00:42:11,530 --> 00:42:12,789 it by bumping into it. But we are not 1138 00:42:12,790 --> 00:42:13,790 trying to. 1139 00:42:15,340 --> 00:42:17,409 OK, I'm looking at the Sigmundur 1140 00:42:17,410 --> 00:42:19,179 does the Internet have any questions? 1141 00:42:19,180 --> 00:42:21,219 The Internet is very happy about the 1142 00:42:21,220 --> 00:42:23,139 questions that are being asked right 1143 00:42:23,140 --> 00:42:25,539 here. So the real left microphone 1144 00:42:25,540 --> 00:42:26,829 there, please. The next question. 1145 00:42:29,240 --> 00:42:31,609 Beside lasers and 1146 00:42:31,610 --> 00:42:32,610 microwaves. 1147 00:42:33,560 --> 00:42:34,560 Have you? 1148 00:42:37,330 --> 00:42:39,489 Someone have got a really 1149 00:42:39,490 --> 00:42:41,799 good vacuum, like 1150 00:42:41,800 --> 00:42:44,559 an old old school cathode ray tube 1151 00:42:44,560 --> 00:42:45,560 and. 1152 00:42:47,610 --> 00:42:50,249 Have the possibility to use 1153 00:42:50,250 --> 00:42:52,319 electron beam 1154 00:42:52,320 --> 00:42:54,469 cannon on on on 1155 00:42:54,470 --> 00:42:55,470 the regular. 1156 00:43:00,620 --> 00:43:01,620 So 1157 00:43:03,030 --> 00:43:05,159 so, I mean, in theory, you can use 1158 00:43:06,390 --> 00:43:08,809 you can use any heat source 1159 00:43:08,810 --> 00:43:11,249 is able to to get 1160 00:43:11,250 --> 00:43:13,499 the temperature of the regulars to 1161 00:43:13,500 --> 00:43:15,809 a certain degree of. 1162 00:43:15,810 --> 00:43:16,810 So 1163 00:43:18,630 --> 00:43:19,630 maybe 1164 00:43:21,450 --> 00:43:24,009 I don't know if anyone tried. 1165 00:43:24,010 --> 00:43:26,489 So I don't know. 1166 00:43:26,490 --> 00:43:27,449 Sorry. 1167 00:43:27,450 --> 00:43:28,450 OK. 1168 00:43:29,070 --> 00:43:31,139 OK, the next question from 1169 00:43:31,140 --> 00:43:33,719 the right hand side, front microphone, 1170 00:43:33,720 --> 00:43:35,849 have you thought of printing 1171 00:43:35,850 --> 00:43:38,109 parts of the ruble at the moon 1172 00:43:38,110 --> 00:43:40,799 because then you wouldn't have to 1173 00:43:40,800 --> 00:43:43,619 send up so much math and 1174 00:43:43,620 --> 00:43:45,749 of for example, you 1175 00:43:45,750 --> 00:43:47,819 could send up a 1176 00:43:47,820 --> 00:43:50,339 robot with little just 1177 00:43:50,340 --> 00:43:53,009 so you can 1178 00:43:53,010 --> 00:43:55,349 drive to a better place for printing 1179 00:43:55,350 --> 00:43:56,550 bigger. Yes, 1180 00:43:58,050 --> 00:43:59,939 I know what you mean. 1181 00:43:59,940 --> 00:44:01,679 Yes. Have you actually used a 3-D 1182 00:44:01,680 --> 00:44:02,680 printer? 1183 00:44:03,990 --> 00:44:05,519 Yes, I have. 1184 00:44:05,520 --> 00:44:07,739 So the problem is, 1185 00:44:07,740 --> 00:44:09,899 you know, in theory, yes, I was 1186 00:44:09,900 --> 00:44:11,969 I was at a presentation and that 1187 00:44:11,970 --> 00:44:13,829 was very funny. There was there was some 1188 00:44:13,830 --> 00:44:15,779 guy who said, OK, my next startup is 1189 00:44:15,780 --> 00:44:18,479 about making 1190 00:44:18,480 --> 00:44:20,639 a solving a problem with 1191 00:44:20,640 --> 00:44:21,809 the printing industry. 1192 00:44:21,810 --> 00:44:24,059 And that is that the data 1193 00:44:24,060 --> 00:44:25,439 files that you are transmitting to the 1194 00:44:25,440 --> 00:44:27,089 printer are not encrypted. 1195 00:44:27,090 --> 00:44:29,399 And so I will I will 1196 00:44:29,400 --> 00:44:32,249 I will ensure that that that was consent 1197 00:44:32,250 --> 00:44:34,829 to the 3D printing files, 1198 00:44:34,830 --> 00:44:36,929 two and three printer on an 1199 00:44:36,930 --> 00:44:39,090 airport. And so they can replace a part 1200 00:44:40,500 --> 00:44:42,630 on an airplane just in time. 1201 00:44:44,670 --> 00:44:46,649 If he used a 3D printer, you know, that 1202 00:44:46,650 --> 00:44:49,019 is very far from how everything 1203 00:44:49,020 --> 00:44:51,329 goes, you know, it's 1204 00:44:51,330 --> 00:44:53,469 the even with 1205 00:44:53,470 --> 00:44:55,649 I mean, if you look at 1206 00:44:55,650 --> 00:44:57,989 the aluminum 1207 00:44:57,990 --> 00:44:59,549 wheel that they can see here, you still 1208 00:44:59,550 --> 00:45:01,649 have those those rings. 1209 00:45:01,650 --> 00:45:04,199 And they are coming from 1210 00:45:04,200 --> 00:45:05,549 from the fact that the material is 1211 00:45:05,550 --> 00:45:07,859 contracting while you're printing it. 1212 00:45:07,860 --> 00:45:10,079 And that's why this 1213 00:45:10,080 --> 00:45:12,359 is a very known problem when 1214 00:45:12,360 --> 00:45:13,360 you're using 1215 00:45:14,430 --> 00:45:15,599 what you call Giesen, 1216 00:45:17,100 --> 00:45:18,779 when you're using casting techniques. 1217 00:45:18,780 --> 00:45:20,939 And the software can compensate for that. 1218 00:45:20,940 --> 00:45:23,129 But in 3-D printing, this is 1219 00:45:23,130 --> 00:45:24,389 still unknown. 1220 00:45:24,390 --> 00:45:25,889 And so, you know. 1221 00:45:27,160 --> 00:45:29,169 It would be nice to to print something 1222 00:45:29,170 --> 00:45:31,929 useful, but 1223 00:45:31,930 --> 00:45:34,239 I think we are far from 1224 00:45:34,240 --> 00:45:35,439 from that. 1225 00:45:35,440 --> 00:45:38,439 So baby steps first on the moon, softly 1226 00:45:38,440 --> 00:45:39,610 collect the money and 1227 00:45:41,740 --> 00:45:42,740 print something. 1228 00:45:44,200 --> 00:45:45,399 OK, very good. 1229 00:45:45,400 --> 00:45:46,809 We have a question on the left hand side. 1230 00:45:46,810 --> 00:45:49,029 Front microphone and sorry, 1231 00:45:49,030 --> 00:45:51,249 I'm still kind of stuck with the 1232 00:45:51,250 --> 00:45:52,479 building structure thing. 1233 00:45:53,710 --> 00:45:55,809 And I you know, I probably 1234 00:45:55,810 --> 00:45:57,489 know that you can't answer all these 1235 00:45:57,490 --> 00:45:59,259 questions and there are still, well, 1236 00:45:59,260 --> 00:46:00,219 answers to find. 1237 00:46:00,220 --> 00:46:02,289 But and if you have the 1238 00:46:02,290 --> 00:46:04,719 rover that runs over the surface 1239 00:46:04,720 --> 00:46:06,819 and then and, you know, beams, 1240 00:46:06,820 --> 00:46:08,889 microwaves at the ground and then let you 1241 00:46:08,890 --> 00:46:11,049 have the bulldozer to put new 1242 00:46:11,050 --> 00:46:13,149 soil dust, whatever, onto the 1243 00:46:13,150 --> 00:46:15,219 microwave that form, and 1244 00:46:15,220 --> 00:46:17,499 then again, have to let the rover go 1245 00:46:17,500 --> 00:46:18,519 onto it again. 1246 00:46:18,520 --> 00:46:19,989 If you go up like, I don't know, two 1247 00:46:19,990 --> 00:46:22,119 meters high or so, at some 1248 00:46:22,120 --> 00:46:25,089 point, you probably have problems 1249 00:46:25,090 --> 00:46:27,289 climbing that wall, wouldn't it? 1250 00:46:27,290 --> 00:46:28,359 And sorry. 1251 00:46:28,360 --> 00:46:30,489 And so my question 1252 00:46:30,490 --> 00:46:32,889 is, how far away from 1253 00:46:32,890 --> 00:46:35,259 the soil do you have to be 1254 00:46:35,260 --> 00:46:37,539 to microwave it? Like, can you build 1255 00:46:37,540 --> 00:46:39,570 a satellite that I don't know. 1256 00:46:49,520 --> 00:46:51,389 So, um, 1257 00:46:53,330 --> 00:46:55,719 the energy the energy is 1258 00:46:55,720 --> 00:46:59,059 is lost by the radius square. 1259 00:46:59,060 --> 00:47:01,340 So if you want to deposit, 1260 00:47:02,720 --> 00:47:04,969 like if you want to deposit 1261 00:47:04,970 --> 00:47:07,160 50 watts into the lunar surface 1262 00:47:08,870 --> 00:47:11,209 and your 3000 kilometers away, 1263 00:47:11,210 --> 00:47:13,489 which is like on a good orbit for 1264 00:47:13,490 --> 00:47:14,719 lunar satellite. 1265 00:47:16,320 --> 00:47:18,629 Just do the math, you know, 1266 00:47:18,630 --> 00:47:19,630 that's a lot 1267 00:47:21,100 --> 00:47:23,279 you would you would need a really 1268 00:47:23,280 --> 00:47:25,649 big SITILIDES 1269 00:47:25,650 --> 00:47:27,659 and then then I would probably use lasers 1270 00:47:27,660 --> 00:47:29,429 because lasers and. 1271 00:47:31,930 --> 00:47:34,029 But the basic idea about 1272 00:47:34,030 --> 00:47:35,500 the first question is actually, 1273 00:47:37,030 --> 00:47:39,579 well, you defined the slopes to be 1274 00:47:39,580 --> 00:47:41,199 in such a way that you can actually drive 1275 00:47:41,200 --> 00:47:43,329 them up. And you also see that 1276 00:47:43,330 --> 00:47:45,519 they are using those what 1277 00:47:45,520 --> 00:47:47,530 you call them, the Caterpillar thing. 1278 00:47:48,700 --> 00:47:51,189 Well, that's a bad idea. 1279 00:47:51,190 --> 00:47:52,959 So this is an artist rendering. 1280 00:47:52,960 --> 00:47:55,509 You know, it's a it's a good idea, but 1281 00:47:55,510 --> 00:47:57,639 the practical problems still lay ahead 1282 00:47:57,640 --> 00:47:58,640 a lot. 1283 00:47:59,650 --> 00:48:02,019 There will be a lot of PhD thesis about 1284 00:48:02,020 --> 00:48:03,020 this stuff. 1285 00:48:04,310 --> 00:48:06,559 OK, we actually still have time 1286 00:48:06,560 --> 00:48:08,659 for Q&A, so there are questions 1287 00:48:08,660 --> 00:48:09,660 from the Internet, 1288 00:48:10,820 --> 00:48:12,499 get us one more question from the 1289 00:48:12,500 --> 00:48:14,359 Internet and there's still not quite over 1290 00:48:14,360 --> 00:48:16,849 that regolith simulant thing. 1291 00:48:16,850 --> 00:48:18,469 So the question is, why are the 1292 00:48:18,470 --> 00:48:20,030 regulators simulant so bad? 1293 00:48:21,060 --> 00:48:23,779 Um, so 1294 00:48:23,780 --> 00:48:26,629 let me find that slides. 1295 00:48:26,630 --> 00:48:28,130 So, um, 1296 00:48:29,180 --> 00:48:31,489 the thing that when you are usually 1297 00:48:31,490 --> 00:48:34,159 when you have Iren on on 1298 00:48:34,160 --> 00:48:36,239 earth bound things, it's usually in 1299 00:48:36,240 --> 00:48:37,240 oxide 1300 00:48:38,360 --> 00:48:40,729 and those oxides don't 1301 00:48:41,990 --> 00:48:44,419 react as well to 1302 00:48:44,420 --> 00:48:46,819 to the to the microwave 1303 00:48:46,820 --> 00:48:49,099 as an elemental 1304 00:48:49,100 --> 00:48:50,899 and oxidized Iren. 1305 00:48:50,900 --> 00:48:53,089 And the interesting thing about, uh, 1306 00:48:53,090 --> 00:48:54,679 about the lunar surface is that 1307 00:48:56,120 --> 00:48:58,009 with the bombardment of the of the 1308 00:48:58,010 --> 00:49:00,229 micrometeorites, there are some there 1309 00:49:00,230 --> 00:49:02,479 are those class beads which are 1310 00:49:02,480 --> 00:49:03,409 which are actually forming. 1311 00:49:03,410 --> 00:49:06,229 And with the radiation, some 1312 00:49:06,230 --> 00:49:07,579 iron oxides actually 1313 00:49:08,600 --> 00:49:10,669 degenerate into this elemental 1314 00:49:10,670 --> 00:49:13,159 iron and usually 1315 00:49:13,160 --> 00:49:15,319 regular simulants are done 1316 00:49:15,320 --> 00:49:16,579 by the ingredients. 1317 00:49:16,580 --> 00:49:17,689 So you look at 1318 00:49:18,980 --> 00:49:20,659 you look at the regulars that you 1319 00:49:20,660 --> 00:49:23,059 collected on the moon and 1320 00:49:23,060 --> 00:49:25,129 you you then 1321 00:49:25,130 --> 00:49:26,899 you've taken all the materials so that 1322 00:49:26,900 --> 00:49:29,929 when you're doing a spectrum respectless, 1323 00:49:29,930 --> 00:49:31,309 then you're only analyzing the 1324 00:49:31,310 --> 00:49:32,299 ingredients. 1325 00:49:32,300 --> 00:49:34,519 You you get the same bit 1326 00:49:34,520 --> 00:49:36,619 of materials to say and 1327 00:49:36,620 --> 00:49:38,119 you'd only look at the grain size and you 1328 00:49:38,120 --> 00:49:40,039 make it make it fit like this. 1329 00:49:40,040 --> 00:49:42,319 And that's about the state 1330 00:49:42,320 --> 00:49:44,929 of the regular simulants. 1331 00:49:44,930 --> 00:49:47,209 They they are not exposed 1332 00:49:47,210 --> 00:49:49,759 to to the radiation 1333 00:49:49,760 --> 00:49:52,009 from the, uh, from the sun that you have. 1334 00:49:52,010 --> 00:49:55,099 They are not they are not in a vacuum. 1335 00:49:55,100 --> 00:49:57,649 They usually don't have those 1336 00:49:57,650 --> 00:49:59,239 those glass beads forming. 1337 00:49:59,240 --> 00:50:00,289 They are not shot at with 1338 00:50:00,290 --> 00:50:01,609 micrometeorites. 1339 00:50:01,610 --> 00:50:03,889 So in 1340 00:50:03,890 --> 00:50:05,959 this way, you have the 1341 00:50:05,960 --> 00:50:08,029 most regulars don't actually have those 1342 00:50:08,030 --> 00:50:09,030 nano phosphate 1343 00:50:11,150 --> 00:50:13,339 nano face iron in 1344 00:50:13,340 --> 00:50:13,759 them. 1345 00:50:13,760 --> 00:50:15,280 That's the whole point of it. 1346 00:50:16,850 --> 00:50:19,129 OK, so that's another question 1347 00:50:19,130 --> 00:50:20,899 on the left hand side of your microphone, 1348 00:50:20,900 --> 00:50:21,829 please. 1349 00:50:21,830 --> 00:50:22,830 Yeah, that's you. 1350 00:50:24,560 --> 00:50:26,959 Have you ever investigated and researched 1351 00:50:26,960 --> 00:50:29,119 the idea of making something like 1352 00:50:29,120 --> 00:50:32,059 bricks by just compacting 1353 00:50:32,060 --> 00:50:34,999 the lunar dust or something like that? 1354 00:50:35,000 --> 00:50:36,859 Yes, there have been there have been 1355 00:50:36,860 --> 00:50:39,609 tests with with 1356 00:50:39,610 --> 00:50:41,749 some of the material, but it was found 1357 00:50:41,750 --> 00:50:43,849 that it's because of the shape of 1358 00:50:43,850 --> 00:50:46,369 the material. Yeah, it's it's very 1359 00:50:46,370 --> 00:50:48,739 it's very cause it has very rough edges. 1360 00:50:48,740 --> 00:50:50,959 And because 1361 00:50:50,960 --> 00:50:53,509 of that, it's 1362 00:50:53,510 --> 00:50:55,580 it's not very well compressible 1363 00:50:56,750 --> 00:50:58,259 to say it like this. 1364 00:50:58,260 --> 00:51:00,559 Um, I don't know if that actually makes 1365 00:51:00,560 --> 00:51:02,749 a good building material for 1366 00:51:02,750 --> 00:51:03,750 something like this or not. 1367 00:51:06,550 --> 00:51:08,859 Hmm, yeah, so so the answer is, 1368 00:51:08,860 --> 00:51:10,269 I don't know, because I know we didn't 1369 00:51:10,270 --> 00:51:11,270 try, 1370 00:51:12,880 --> 00:51:15,759 but I would say that the density 1371 00:51:15,760 --> 00:51:18,279 you can't compress it enough. 1372 00:51:18,280 --> 00:51:20,409 You will always have some air or 1373 00:51:20,410 --> 00:51:22,299 some vacuum trapped in it. 1374 00:51:22,300 --> 00:51:23,830 And it might be difficult. 1375 00:51:24,880 --> 00:51:25,880 OK. 1376 00:51:26,600 --> 00:51:28,909 OK, same microphone, please. 1377 00:51:28,910 --> 00:51:30,859 Have you looked at the solar center 1378 00:51:30,860 --> 00:51:33,229 project, the what 1379 00:51:33,230 --> 00:51:35,779 the solar center project 1380 00:51:35,780 --> 00:51:37,790 that was the guy was the biggest 1381 00:51:39,710 --> 00:51:41,429 thing about the meter? 1382 00:51:41,430 --> 00:51:43,189 I think. Yeah, exactly. 1383 00:51:43,190 --> 00:51:44,510 Yeah. So that's really cool. 1384 00:51:45,920 --> 00:51:48,079 But as I said earlier, the question is 1385 00:51:48,080 --> 00:51:50,869 that the problem with was bringing 1386 00:51:50,870 --> 00:51:53,599 the bigger but as you know, 1387 00:51:53,600 --> 00:51:55,699 lens to the moon is bringing it 1388 00:51:55,700 --> 00:51:58,399 there and also the weight. 1389 00:51:58,400 --> 00:52:00,139 This weighs a lot. 1390 00:52:00,140 --> 00:52:02,299 And then you still need to have 1391 00:52:02,300 --> 00:52:03,939 the mechanicals to 1392 00:52:05,350 --> 00:52:07,159 to to move it and 1393 00:52:08,360 --> 00:52:10,069 to do something with it. 1394 00:52:10,070 --> 00:52:11,779 So it's a really cool project. 1395 00:52:11,780 --> 00:52:13,639 I like that, but it's very difficult to 1396 00:52:13,640 --> 00:52:14,999 do on the moon. 1397 00:52:15,000 --> 00:52:16,000 OK. 1398 00:52:16,600 --> 00:52:18,729 OK, so on the right and that 1399 00:52:18,730 --> 00:52:19,810 front microphone, please. 1400 00:52:21,770 --> 00:52:23,839 It's just a follow up to that Brix idea. 1401 00:52:23,840 --> 00:52:26,089 Maybe we could, uh, put some 1402 00:52:26,090 --> 00:52:28,159 lunar dust together and microwave it into 1403 00:52:28,160 --> 00:52:30,349 the brick and then use the robot 1404 00:52:30,350 --> 00:52:32,329 to put the bricks together and microwave 1405 00:52:32,330 --> 00:52:33,330 them together. 1406 00:52:34,880 --> 00:52:35,880 Yeah, 1407 00:52:37,040 --> 00:52:38,519 that would be cool. 1408 00:52:38,520 --> 00:52:39,799 Oh, yeah. 1409 00:52:39,800 --> 00:52:40,800 Baby steps for us. 1410 00:52:41,990 --> 00:52:44,199 OK, a question from the Internet, please. 1411 00:52:44,200 --> 00:52:45,559 Yeah. There's one more question from the 1412 00:52:45,560 --> 00:52:46,609 Internet. 1413 00:52:46,610 --> 00:52:48,769 Why don't you just take 1414 00:52:48,770 --> 00:52:50,869 caves to build houses 1415 00:52:50,870 --> 00:52:53,089 or build a cube, 1416 00:52:53,090 --> 00:52:55,159 build a cube with microwaved regolith and 1417 00:52:55,160 --> 00:52:56,499 dig a hole in it? 1418 00:52:56,500 --> 00:52:58,729 Milita Sorry. 1419 00:52:58,730 --> 00:53:00,139 What what was the first part? 1420 00:53:00,140 --> 00:53:02,059 The first part was why don't you just dig 1421 00:53:02,060 --> 00:53:03,919 a cave and build houses. 1422 00:53:03,920 --> 00:53:05,089 Oh yeah. 1423 00:53:05,090 --> 00:53:07,279 So you don't actually have to dig a cave. 1424 00:53:07,280 --> 00:53:09,709 There are already caves that you can use 1425 00:53:09,710 --> 00:53:11,189 that are ready to move in. 1426 00:53:11,190 --> 00:53:12,190 So 1427 00:53:13,520 --> 00:53:16,069 this is where 1428 00:53:16,070 --> 00:53:17,579 you put yourself to put in something 1429 00:53:17,580 --> 00:53:19,729 there. But um, like 1430 00:53:19,730 --> 00:53:20,989 interior design. 1431 00:53:20,990 --> 00:53:23,209 But this. 1432 00:53:26,480 --> 00:53:28,429 So this is this is one of the ideas that 1433 00:53:28,430 --> 00:53:30,319 is actually actively talked about, so the 1434 00:53:30,320 --> 00:53:31,759 cool thing about the lunar surface is 1435 00:53:31,760 --> 00:53:33,739 that you actually have something that's 1436 00:53:33,740 --> 00:53:36,049 called lava tubes and 1437 00:53:36,050 --> 00:53:38,299 some of those lava 1438 00:53:38,300 --> 00:53:40,459 tubes have 1439 00:53:40,460 --> 00:53:42,169 openings where you can actually drive 1440 00:53:42,170 --> 00:53:44,329 into. And I think this 1441 00:53:44,330 --> 00:53:46,929 is a this is a very interesting idea to 1442 00:53:46,930 --> 00:53:48,020 to build a settlement 1443 00:53:49,160 --> 00:53:51,289 by, you know, becoming lunar 1444 00:53:52,940 --> 00:53:55,249 cavemen again. 1445 00:53:55,250 --> 00:53:57,499 But this is not us. 1446 00:53:57,500 --> 00:53:59,599 So also is a user wants 1447 00:53:59,600 --> 00:54:01,849 to do a 3D printing and, you know, 1448 00:54:01,850 --> 00:54:03,619 whoever pays us, we will deliver. 1449 00:54:06,080 --> 00:54:07,909 And the second part of the part of the 1450 00:54:07,910 --> 00:54:10,129 question was a build a cube 1451 00:54:10,130 --> 00:54:12,229 with microwaved regolith and 1452 00:54:12,230 --> 00:54:14,420 dig a hole in it or mill in it. 1453 00:54:16,540 --> 00:54:18,519 Yeah, um. 1454 00:54:20,940 --> 00:54:21,940 So. 1455 00:54:24,610 --> 00:54:25,559 Mm hmm. 1456 00:54:25,560 --> 00:54:27,959 Yeah, sort of 1457 00:54:27,960 --> 00:54:29,369 rough from there. 1458 00:54:29,370 --> 00:54:30,869 Are there many areas that are ranging 1459 00:54:30,870 --> 00:54:32,999 from from something we should do in our 1460 00:54:33,000 --> 00:54:34,320 first mission in something that 1461 00:54:36,210 --> 00:54:38,849 maybe someone, someone, someone 1462 00:54:38,850 --> 00:54:40,409 should do? 1463 00:54:40,410 --> 00:54:41,540 I would put it here, 1464 00:54:44,220 --> 00:54:46,469 OK, I see the 1465 00:54:46,470 --> 00:54:48,119 microphones are empty right now. 1466 00:54:48,120 --> 00:54:50,309 The Internet is apparently 1467 00:54:50,310 --> 00:54:51,749 satisfied also. 1468 00:54:51,750 --> 00:54:53,609 That's a great thing. That was a great 1469 00:54:53,610 --> 00:54:56,189 talk and a great Q&A session 1470 00:54:56,190 --> 00:54:57,630 especially. So, thank you.