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If you are capable, please help us to create good quality subtitles: https://c3subtitles.de/talk/330 Thanks! 1 00:00:09,530 --> 00:00:11,059 Thank you. 2 00:00:11,060 --> 00:00:12,480 Thank you for the introduction. 3 00:00:13,610 --> 00:00:15,589 I will be talking tonight, as is obvious 4 00:00:15,590 --> 00:00:18,289 about rocket science and if it's hard, 5 00:00:18,290 --> 00:00:19,999 how hard can it be? 6 00:00:20,000 --> 00:00:22,489 And my assistant here, Mr. Sandeep 7 00:00:22,490 --> 00:00:24,439 Schon Khan, he will later speak about 8 00:00:24,440 --> 00:00:26,749 some metrological experiments. 9 00:00:26,750 --> 00:00:28,489 I myself am a physicist, an 10 00:00:28,490 --> 00:00:30,829 astrophysicist, and 11 00:00:30,830 --> 00:00:32,419 the work we do in rocket science and 12 00:00:32,420 --> 00:00:34,939 therefore is a purely 13 00:00:34,940 --> 00:00:36,619 amateur rocketry, as you would call it. 14 00:00:36,620 --> 00:00:39,019 We are not pursuing any financial gains. 15 00:00:39,020 --> 00:00:40,699 We are just doing it because we want to 16 00:00:40,700 --> 00:00:42,829 do it. We want to know what is going 17 00:00:42,830 --> 00:00:44,119 on with this. 18 00:00:44,120 --> 00:00:45,920 OK, so what is rocket science? 19 00:00:47,000 --> 00:00:49,009 It may be something that is really 20 00:00:49,010 --> 00:00:50,779 complicated to understand and to learn. 21 00:00:50,780 --> 00:00:52,189 That's what they all say. Oh, no, it's 22 00:00:52,190 --> 00:00:53,869 not rocket science. It's just a synonym 23 00:00:53,870 --> 00:00:56,359 for saying that's really easy. 24 00:00:56,360 --> 00:00:58,489 So in reality, it's to design, build 25 00:00:58,490 --> 00:00:59,959 and fly rockets, of course. 26 00:00:59,960 --> 00:01:01,099 And that's what we do. 27 00:01:01,100 --> 00:01:02,929 And if you do it more sophisticatedly 28 00:01:02,930 --> 00:01:05,268 with a lot of money, we call it aerospace 29 00:01:05,269 --> 00:01:06,269 engineering. 30 00:01:07,400 --> 00:01:09,109 So why would you do that? 31 00:01:09,110 --> 00:01:10,999 I mean, there's a lot of time and money 32 00:01:11,000 --> 00:01:12,299 and resources. You think? 33 00:01:12,300 --> 00:01:13,399 Yeah, why do it? 34 00:01:13,400 --> 00:01:15,739 Yeah, maybe you're just curious. 35 00:01:15,740 --> 00:01:17,989 Can we do it? Is it possible it 36 00:01:17,990 --> 00:01:20,509 was would it driven the first pioneers? 37 00:01:20,510 --> 00:01:22,369 Because it was totally unknown. 38 00:01:22,370 --> 00:01:24,499 If you could reach space using a rocket 39 00:01:24,500 --> 00:01:27,139 at first, then of course, there's 40 00:01:27,140 --> 00:01:29,299 this main driver behind this rocket 41 00:01:29,300 --> 00:01:31,339 science, which is technology where you 42 00:01:31,340 --> 00:01:32,959 want to achieve something like project 43 00:01:32,960 --> 00:01:34,939 something on somebody else, you know what 44 00:01:34,940 --> 00:01:35,959 I mean? 45 00:01:35,960 --> 00:01:38,179 And for 46 00:01:38,180 --> 00:01:39,889 me, as a scientist, as a physicist, it's 47 00:01:39,890 --> 00:01:41,599 very interesting to see all these 48 00:01:41,600 --> 00:01:43,819 spaceborne instruments giving us data 49 00:01:43,820 --> 00:01:45,019 that we are not achievable from the 50 00:01:45,020 --> 00:01:47,629 ground, especially in the infrared. 51 00:01:47,630 --> 00:01:49,489 And for philosophers, it's just a 52 00:01:49,490 --> 00:01:51,169 treasure. Grofe thinking about the 53 00:01:51,170 --> 00:01:53,359 vastness of space and what it means for 54 00:01:53,360 --> 00:01:54,360 us as human beings. 55 00:01:55,700 --> 00:01:58,189 So, of course, if you can get to space, 56 00:01:58,190 --> 00:02:00,289 why not travel? Why don't not go to 57 00:02:00,290 --> 00:02:02,389 other places in our solar system 58 00:02:02,390 --> 00:02:05,719 like other planets, asteroids or comets? 59 00:02:05,720 --> 00:02:07,639 You all have heard about the land 60 00:02:07,640 --> 00:02:10,129 affiliate that has landed last month 61 00:02:10,130 --> 00:02:12,259 on Chillon, Semenko, six 62 00:02:12,260 --> 00:02:14,359 or seven P, and I can say 63 00:02:14,360 --> 00:02:15,739 this name very well because I've been 64 00:02:15,740 --> 00:02:17,869 working on this project and right 65 00:02:17,870 --> 00:02:19,939 now I'm very proud to say that 66 00:02:19,940 --> 00:02:22,189 this lander that has touched down on 67 00:02:22,190 --> 00:02:25,039 the comet has my my name on it. 68 00:02:25,040 --> 00:02:26,690 So thank you. 69 00:02:31,000 --> 00:02:33,369 So space travel leads 70 00:02:33,370 --> 00:02:35,589 immediately to exploration, so they are 71 00:02:35,590 --> 00:02:37,929 spaces, locations 72 00:02:37,930 --> 00:02:40,059 around the solar system or even beyond 73 00:02:40,060 --> 00:02:42,579 it would like to go to and explore, 74 00:02:42,580 --> 00:02:44,659 that is look at it 75 00:02:44,660 --> 00:02:47,019 in their in situ or bring back stuff 76 00:02:47,020 --> 00:02:48,020 to measure it here. 77 00:02:48,880 --> 00:02:51,129 And of course, if you do this for a long 78 00:02:51,130 --> 00:02:53,319 time, maybe in the future we can do 79 00:02:53,320 --> 00:02:56,109 colonization so we can go there to stay 80 00:02:56,110 --> 00:02:58,419 and to survive on the long run. 81 00:02:58,420 --> 00:03:00,069 So this can be your motivation. 82 00:03:00,070 --> 00:03:01,389 Maybe you have another. 83 00:03:01,390 --> 00:03:03,249 Tell me if you find something else, I 84 00:03:03,250 --> 00:03:04,749 would be interested. 85 00:03:04,750 --> 00:03:06,219 So motivation. 86 00:03:07,330 --> 00:03:10,599 Now, let's come to the free modern 87 00:03:10,600 --> 00:03:11,679 rocket scientists. 88 00:03:11,680 --> 00:03:13,929 There were in ancient times 89 00:03:13,930 --> 00:03:15,309 Chinese rocket scientists. 90 00:03:15,310 --> 00:03:16,599 They're not well known, but they were 91 00:03:16,600 --> 00:03:19,090 there, but they were not very successful. 92 00:03:20,350 --> 00:03:22,689 It's a long story, but today 93 00:03:22,690 --> 00:03:24,219 I will talk about the three rocketeers, 94 00:03:24,220 --> 00:03:26,469 as I call them, which is 95 00:03:26,470 --> 00:03:28,359 the first one is Konstantine Edwarda, 96 00:03:28,360 --> 00:03:29,360 which Cherkovski 97 00:03:30,610 --> 00:03:34,329 who lived from the 1960s to 1935. 98 00:03:34,330 --> 00:03:36,399 And he was a poor guy because in the 99 00:03:36,400 --> 00:03:38,499 age of 10, when he was playing outside in 100 00:03:38,500 --> 00:03:40,809 Russian winter, he got scarlet fever 101 00:03:40,810 --> 00:03:43,359 and it left him almost death. 102 00:03:43,360 --> 00:03:44,590 So all his life was, 103 00:03:46,060 --> 00:03:48,249 yeah, death almost 104 00:03:48,250 --> 00:03:50,139 so became a bibliophile autodidact 105 00:03:50,140 --> 00:03:51,609 because he had to drop out of school with 106 00:03:51,610 --> 00:03:53,139 14 because the teacher couldn't get 107 00:03:53,140 --> 00:03:54,609 through to him. I mean, yelling all the 108 00:03:54,610 --> 00:03:56,709 time at Tupa, it's very difficult for the 109 00:03:56,710 --> 00:03:58,089 teacher also. 110 00:03:58,090 --> 00:04:00,459 So he started to read a lot 111 00:04:00,460 --> 00:04:02,349 by himself and he went to Moscow 112 00:04:03,730 --> 00:04:05,829 in a library where he met philosopher 113 00:04:05,830 --> 00:04:08,169 called Shatalov, and 114 00:04:08,170 --> 00:04:09,249 he taught him a lot of things. 115 00:04:11,230 --> 00:04:13,479 And he read you then 116 00:04:13,480 --> 00:04:15,999 especially these two 117 00:04:16,000 --> 00:04:18,099 little stories called From the Earth to 118 00:04:18,100 --> 00:04:19,929 the Moon and the other one around the 119 00:04:19,930 --> 00:04:22,209 Moon, which is a story about three 120 00:04:22,210 --> 00:04:24,429 men being shot by a cannon 121 00:04:24,430 --> 00:04:26,899 to the moon and going around. 122 00:04:26,900 --> 00:04:29,259 It's the first science fiction story 123 00:04:29,260 --> 00:04:31,839 that talks about lunar voyages, 124 00:04:31,840 --> 00:04:33,909 and it inspired him very fast. 125 00:04:33,910 --> 00:04:35,289 He understood that it wasn't possible 126 00:04:35,290 --> 00:04:37,029 this way anyway. 127 00:04:37,030 --> 00:04:38,559 So he became a mathematics and physics 128 00:04:38,560 --> 00:04:39,610 teacher, even death, 129 00:04:41,230 --> 00:04:43,419 and he was tolerated by his environment, 130 00:04:43,420 --> 00:04:45,429 meaning that he ran around, mumbled 131 00:04:45,430 --> 00:04:47,379 something, as I see no problem. 132 00:04:47,380 --> 00:04:48,559 Let him let him talk. 133 00:04:48,560 --> 00:04:49,899 Nobody understood what he was talking 134 00:04:49,900 --> 00:04:50,900 about. 135 00:04:51,790 --> 00:04:53,409 He did a lot of experiments and wind 136 00:04:53,410 --> 00:04:55,809 tunnel. So he built them by himself 137 00:04:55,810 --> 00:04:57,669 and he developed something that we would 138 00:04:57,670 --> 00:04:58,899 call today a Zeppelin 139 00:05:00,190 --> 00:05:01,190 full metal. 140 00:05:01,930 --> 00:05:03,729 But the Russians didn't understand it. 141 00:05:03,730 --> 00:05:04,899 They didn't get it. The authorities 142 00:05:04,900 --> 00:05:05,900 wouldn't help him. 143 00:05:06,850 --> 00:05:09,219 And he became a philosopher in, uh, 144 00:05:09,220 --> 00:05:11,409 branchless today called Cosmos, 145 00:05:11,410 --> 00:05:13,269 some very interesting branch, if you want 146 00:05:13,270 --> 00:05:15,099 to read it up. 147 00:05:15,100 --> 00:05:17,469 So the second one is Robert 148 00:05:17,470 --> 00:05:19,479 Harrington. Got it. 149 00:05:19,480 --> 00:05:21,129 And he left a little later. 150 00:05:21,130 --> 00:05:23,659 Then Sokolsky unfortunately, 151 00:05:23,660 --> 00:05:26,109 he died very young due to cancer 152 00:05:26,110 --> 00:05:28,059 and he had also very fragile health. 153 00:05:29,240 --> 00:05:32,089 Which leads to voracious reading, 154 00:05:32,090 --> 00:05:33,679 and he was inspired by H.G. 155 00:05:33,680 --> 00:05:35,269 Wells, I'm pretty sure he also read Jules 156 00:05:35,270 --> 00:05:37,459 Verne, but we know from his 157 00:05:37,460 --> 00:05:39,589 diary that he was especially impressed 158 00:05:39,590 --> 00:05:40,590 by Ashley Wells. 159 00:05:41,630 --> 00:05:43,939 He became a physics professor, which 160 00:05:43,940 --> 00:05:46,159 gave him some autonomy and 161 00:05:46,160 --> 00:05:47,569 funding. 162 00:05:47,570 --> 00:05:49,729 But during his lifetime, he was ridiculed 163 00:05:49,730 --> 00:05:51,919 by newspapers, especially by 164 00:05:51,920 --> 00:05:54,109 The New York Times and. 165 00:05:55,140 --> 00:05:57,359 When Apollo 11 landed 166 00:05:57,360 --> 00:05:59,459 on the moon the same day, 167 00:05:59,460 --> 00:06:02,009 they for the first time apologized 168 00:06:02,010 --> 00:06:04,109 in The 169 00:06:04,110 --> 00:06:06,329 New York Times for being so 170 00:06:06,330 --> 00:06:07,330 bad to Mr. Gore that 171 00:06:08,790 --> 00:06:11,009 he invented and flew the first liquid 172 00:06:11,010 --> 00:06:13,529 propellant rockets, the first that 173 00:06:13,530 --> 00:06:16,109 this earth has ever seen. 174 00:06:16,110 --> 00:06:18,329 And believe it or not, since 175 00:06:18,330 --> 00:06:20,309 1930, had a workshop in Roswell, New 176 00:06:20,310 --> 00:06:21,310 Mexico. 177 00:06:21,930 --> 00:06:23,429 Yeah, I can change it. 178 00:06:23,430 --> 00:06:24,989 It's the way it is. 179 00:06:24,990 --> 00:06:26,730 And it was sponsored by Mr. Guggenheim. 180 00:06:27,900 --> 00:06:29,459 And in the end of his life, he 181 00:06:29,460 --> 00:06:32,099 accumulated more than 200 patents 182 00:06:32,100 --> 00:06:34,479 that were important for rocketry. 183 00:06:34,480 --> 00:06:36,629 That's a number anyway. 184 00:06:36,630 --> 00:06:39,149 The third one closer to home. 185 00:06:39,150 --> 00:06:40,529 Mr. Chairman, Julius O. 186 00:06:40,530 --> 00:06:42,689 But he was 187 00:06:42,690 --> 00:06:44,759 also inspired by Verne and 188 00:06:44,760 --> 00:06:47,189 his father. He was a American 189 00:06:47,190 --> 00:06:48,329 Shilluk. 190 00:06:48,330 --> 00:06:49,769 He wanted him to study medicine. 191 00:06:49,770 --> 00:06:50,939 So he went to study medicine. 192 00:06:50,940 --> 00:06:53,129 But then World War One broke out 193 00:06:53,130 --> 00:06:56,129 and he got wounded in 1915 and carpets. 194 00:06:56,130 --> 00:06:58,739 And when you saw all this blood and 195 00:06:58,740 --> 00:07:00,779 everything he saw. No, I cannot I can't 196 00:07:00,780 --> 00:07:02,099 continue medicine. It's not possible. 197 00:07:02,100 --> 00:07:04,049 So I switched to physics and astronomy, 198 00:07:04,050 --> 00:07:05,190 which has much less blood. 199 00:07:07,830 --> 00:07:09,539 And he became a physics and chemistry 200 00:07:09,540 --> 00:07:11,879 teacher and a gymnasium, but 201 00:07:11,880 --> 00:07:13,589 he was very restless and started to think 202 00:07:13,590 --> 00:07:15,000 about rockets 203 00:07:16,530 --> 00:07:18,629 and his ideas that he put forward in 204 00:07:18,630 --> 00:07:20,699 the early 1920s were 205 00:07:20,700 --> 00:07:22,919 violently opposed by so-called scientists 206 00:07:22,920 --> 00:07:24,359 heard what he was thinking about was 207 00:07:24,360 --> 00:07:25,949 totally utopian and not possible. 208 00:07:25,950 --> 00:07:28,019 And he was a total loon 209 00:07:28,020 --> 00:07:29,020 anyway. 210 00:07:30,280 --> 00:07:31,809 He developed the first German liquid 211 00:07:31,810 --> 00:07:33,609 rocket engine just a few years later, 212 00:07:33,610 --> 00:07:35,919 1930 was the first test, 213 00:07:35,920 --> 00:07:37,839 together with his pupil, Wernher von 214 00:07:37,840 --> 00:07:39,670 Braun, that some of you may know. 215 00:07:40,720 --> 00:07:42,249 And interestingly enough, he was a 216 00:07:42,250 --> 00:07:44,559 philosopher and parapsychologist. 217 00:07:44,560 --> 00:07:45,560 Oh, yes. 218 00:07:46,840 --> 00:07:49,389 So now a few 219 00:07:49,390 --> 00:07:51,549 important points in the lives of 220 00:07:51,550 --> 00:07:53,739 these three rocketeers that 221 00:07:53,740 --> 00:07:55,899 we know of and one that we 222 00:07:55,900 --> 00:07:57,819 know very precisely because he kept a 223 00:07:57,820 --> 00:07:59,319 very nice diary. 224 00:07:59,320 --> 00:08:01,569 Is Goddard's epiphany sitting 225 00:08:01,570 --> 00:08:03,729 on a charity on the 19th of October 226 00:08:03,730 --> 00:08:06,069 of 1899, he has just 227 00:08:06,070 --> 00:08:08,619 read H.G. Wells War of the Worlds 228 00:08:08,620 --> 00:08:10,199 and had some chores to do outside. 229 00:08:10,200 --> 00:08:11,259 Instead of doing the chores, 230 00:08:12,500 --> 00:08:15,639 he went on the territory where he 231 00:08:15,640 --> 00:08:17,889 thought about and 232 00:08:17,890 --> 00:08:19,449 he said that it was one of the quiet, 233 00:08:19,450 --> 00:08:21,159 colorful afternoons of sheer beauty, 234 00:08:21,160 --> 00:08:23,689 which we have in October in New England. 235 00:08:23,690 --> 00:08:25,359 And as I look towards the fields of the 236 00:08:25,360 --> 00:08:27,249 east, I imagine how wonderful it would be 237 00:08:27,250 --> 00:08:28,959 to make some device which had even the 238 00:08:28,960 --> 00:08:31,479 possibility of ascending to Mars 239 00:08:31,480 --> 00:08:33,369 and how it would look on a small scale if 240 00:08:33,370 --> 00:08:35,049 sent up from the meadow at my feet. 241 00:08:36,070 --> 00:08:37,779 I was a different boy when I descended 242 00:08:37,780 --> 00:08:39,849 the tree from when I ascended for 243 00:08:39,850 --> 00:08:42,969 existence, at least until very purposive. 244 00:08:42,970 --> 00:08:45,909 So here we have a clear case 245 00:08:45,910 --> 00:08:47,829 where a single moment in life changes 246 00:08:47,830 --> 00:08:49,360 everything for this man. 247 00:08:51,620 --> 00:08:54,259 Then another very important point, 248 00:08:54,260 --> 00:08:57,799 this time for Mr. Sokolsky 249 00:08:57,800 --> 00:08:59,929 was the first publication 250 00:08:59,930 --> 00:09:02,089 called Exploration of Cosmic Spains by 251 00:09:02,090 --> 00:09:03,889 means of reactive devices, also known as 252 00:09:03,890 --> 00:09:04,890 Rockets. 253 00:09:06,920 --> 00:09:09,079 This image you see here is an early 254 00:09:09,080 --> 00:09:10,429 sketch. It's not from the book, had a 255 00:09:10,430 --> 00:09:11,929 refined version there, but it's very 256 00:09:11,930 --> 00:09:13,309 difficult to get the book because it's in 257 00:09:13,310 --> 00:09:15,019 Russian and you don't get it in digital 258 00:09:15,020 --> 00:09:16,489 form easily. 259 00:09:16,490 --> 00:09:18,709 So he said in this book that space travel 260 00:09:18,710 --> 00:09:20,959 is feasible, which was totally 261 00:09:20,960 --> 00:09:22,100 preposterous at the time. 262 00:09:23,300 --> 00:09:24,919 Proposals needed to move in a vacuum. 263 00:09:24,920 --> 00:09:27,439 So had it figured out gunpowder 264 00:09:27,440 --> 00:09:29,239 is not energetic enough for propulsion. 265 00:09:29,240 --> 00:09:32,029 And remember that since the 12th century, 266 00:09:32,030 --> 00:09:34,099 every single rocket that I know 267 00:09:34,100 --> 00:09:36,100 of had been built with gunpowder. 268 00:09:37,220 --> 00:09:39,279 And he said, but there are liquid 269 00:09:39,280 --> 00:09:40,369 sufficiently energetic. 270 00:09:40,370 --> 00:09:42,049 So there is a loophole. 271 00:09:42,050 --> 00:09:44,089 Even if gunpowder is not good enough, 272 00:09:44,090 --> 00:09:46,129 there are the liquids that can do it. 273 00:09:46,130 --> 00:09:48,589 And he also named them, for example, 274 00:09:48,590 --> 00:09:50,449 liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen would 275 00:09:50,450 --> 00:09:53,269 be an ideal propellant combination. 276 00:09:53,270 --> 00:09:54,679 And this is very interesting because 277 00:09:54,680 --> 00:09:56,779 liquid hydrogen had been synthesized 278 00:09:56,780 --> 00:09:58,909 only a few years before in 279 00:09:58,910 --> 00:10:00,979 small quantities and he was thinking 280 00:10:00,980 --> 00:10:03,259 about burning it and tons and tons 281 00:10:03,260 --> 00:10:05,749 of stuff where one kilowatt cost like 282 00:10:05,750 --> 00:10:07,999 a million euros, OK, so it was 283 00:10:08,000 --> 00:10:10,429 way, way ahead of his time. 284 00:10:10,430 --> 00:10:12,919 And as is the case with 285 00:10:12,920 --> 00:10:15,079 such pioneers, nobody understood 286 00:10:15,080 --> 00:10:17,600 what he had written in this treatise. 287 00:10:19,100 --> 00:10:21,259 Well, anyway, 20 years passed 288 00:10:21,260 --> 00:10:22,280 and Mr. Albert 289 00:10:23,390 --> 00:10:24,739 published a book. 290 00:10:24,740 --> 00:10:27,769 First, he tried to 291 00:10:27,770 --> 00:10:29,689 write a dissertation in getting where he 292 00:10:29,690 --> 00:10:31,909 was studying astrophysics, astronomy. 293 00:10:31,910 --> 00:10:33,649 It was called in that day. 294 00:10:33,650 --> 00:10:35,629 And he called it a rocket to planetary 295 00:10:35,630 --> 00:10:38,029 space directed to the Planet One. 296 00:10:38,030 --> 00:10:40,579 And his professor, Mr. Maxwell, said, 297 00:10:40,580 --> 00:10:42,559 well, it seems all quite well, but it has 298 00:10:42,560 --> 00:10:44,239 nothing to do with astronomy. 299 00:10:44,240 --> 00:10:47,179 So, no, I cannot pass this dissertation. 300 00:10:47,180 --> 00:10:49,459 So he went on and published it as a book 301 00:10:49,460 --> 00:10:51,529 and later on got a lot of pieces for 302 00:10:51,530 --> 00:10:53,569 this book. And this book was read 303 00:10:53,570 --> 00:10:55,789 throughout Germany and 304 00:10:55,790 --> 00:10:58,279 spread to other parts of the world. 305 00:10:58,280 --> 00:10:59,899 And in the end, this book made made these 306 00:10:59,900 --> 00:11:02,119 free rocketeers knew each other. 307 00:11:02,120 --> 00:11:03,529 So what did you write in this book? 308 00:11:04,610 --> 00:11:06,529 It is possible believes it can go beyond 309 00:11:06,530 --> 00:11:08,449 the atmosphere is very similar to what 310 00:11:08,450 --> 00:11:11,449 Cherkovski found 20 years earlier. 311 00:11:11,450 --> 00:11:13,309 These devices were reached velocities to 312 00:11:13,310 --> 00:11:14,299 leave Earth's gravity. 313 00:11:14,300 --> 00:11:16,999 Well, again, preposterous 314 00:11:17,000 --> 00:11:18,499 and such devices will be able to 315 00:11:18,500 --> 00:11:21,559 transport humans impossible. 316 00:11:21,560 --> 00:11:23,029 So and this was 317 00:11:24,320 --> 00:11:25,789 the really important prophecy, the 318 00:11:25,790 --> 00:11:27,919 realization of these devices will be 319 00:11:27,920 --> 00:11:30,519 feasible in the next decades. 320 00:11:30,520 --> 00:11:32,599 This is quite well known that we landed 321 00:11:32,600 --> 00:11:34,700 on the moon like forty six years later. 322 00:11:36,520 --> 00:11:39,099 So another very important point 323 00:11:39,100 --> 00:11:41,409 was God's invention of liquid 324 00:11:41,410 --> 00:11:43,509 propulsion. The first flight was on 325 00:11:43,510 --> 00:11:45,370 16th of March of 1926. 326 00:11:47,030 --> 00:11:48,030 And. 327 00:11:50,060 --> 00:11:52,759 He used gasoline and liquid oxygen, 328 00:11:52,760 --> 00:11:54,829 the tank, indeed, was below the 329 00:11:54,830 --> 00:11:57,469 burning chamber, totally atypical 330 00:11:57,470 --> 00:11:58,399 to today's design. 331 00:11:58,400 --> 00:11:59,929 So the burning Chabot's, this little 332 00:11:59,930 --> 00:12:01,639 black thing up there. 333 00:12:01,640 --> 00:12:03,739 And then we have the lava flows of 334 00:12:03,740 --> 00:12:05,959 the lava nozzle here, which was 335 00:12:05,960 --> 00:12:08,639 totally new, which wasn't used before. 336 00:12:08,640 --> 00:12:10,519 It pays out to be a physics professor 337 00:12:10,520 --> 00:12:11,869 sometimes. 338 00:12:11,870 --> 00:12:14,359 And it has a 339 00:12:14,360 --> 00:12:16,669 specific impulse of our 170, which 340 00:12:16,670 --> 00:12:18,739 is almost a double of gunpowder, not 341 00:12:18,740 --> 00:12:20,929 very good compared to modern 342 00:12:20,930 --> 00:12:23,179 engines. But anyway, he only reached 343 00:12:23,180 --> 00:12:25,399 fifty six meters and it lasted two 344 00:12:25,400 --> 00:12:27,469 point five seconds to reach his height. 345 00:12:27,470 --> 00:12:29,779 Well, unfortunately, there was a camera 346 00:12:29,780 --> 00:12:31,939 running, but before the rocket could lift 347 00:12:31,940 --> 00:12:34,129 off, yeah, the 348 00:12:34,130 --> 00:12:35,659 film was empty. 349 00:12:35,660 --> 00:12:37,939 So no movie. 350 00:12:37,940 --> 00:12:39,229 You know that moment, right. 351 00:12:39,230 --> 00:12:41,209 You really get something right and then. 352 00:12:41,210 --> 00:12:42,859 No, sorry, but you didn't press the 353 00:12:42,860 --> 00:12:45,109 button. Uh, 354 00:12:45,110 --> 00:12:46,809 OK. That happened two months ago or two. 355 00:12:46,810 --> 00:12:49,069 So, OK, let's talk about 356 00:12:49,070 --> 00:12:50,209 foundations. 357 00:12:50,210 --> 00:12:52,759 What do we need to make rocketry 358 00:12:52,760 --> 00:12:54,679 to be? A rocket science, of course. 359 00:12:54,680 --> 00:12:56,269 Mathematics. Mathematics is everywhere. 360 00:12:56,270 --> 00:12:57,679 I don't have to tell you. 361 00:12:57,680 --> 00:13:00,379 Linear equations, Eigenberg equations, 362 00:13:00,380 --> 00:13:02,119 differential equations, calculus, 363 00:13:02,120 --> 00:13:04,219 integration, everything else and some 364 00:13:04,220 --> 00:13:05,359 specialized things. 365 00:13:05,360 --> 00:13:07,699 To some mathematics is very 366 00:13:07,700 --> 00:13:09,979 basic. Then of course, physics, 367 00:13:09,980 --> 00:13:11,809 although we don't need very sophisticated 368 00:13:11,810 --> 00:13:13,129 physics as a classical one. 369 00:13:13,130 --> 00:13:15,199 So classical mechanics, classically 370 00:13:15,200 --> 00:13:16,129 gravitational theory. 371 00:13:16,130 --> 00:13:18,559 Of course, if you get close to planets 372 00:13:18,560 --> 00:13:21,049 and moons, maybe you need some extension 373 00:13:21,050 --> 00:13:23,659 of the normal point like theory. 374 00:13:23,660 --> 00:13:25,789 But this is not really complicated 375 00:13:25,790 --> 00:13:26,929 then. 376 00:13:26,930 --> 00:13:29,119 And this is for the pyromaniacs here. 377 00:13:29,120 --> 00:13:31,309 We need thermodynamics because this 378 00:13:31,310 --> 00:13:33,409 is a theory of combustion. 379 00:13:33,410 --> 00:13:35,299 Yeah. So combustion is today very 380 00:13:35,300 --> 00:13:37,099 important, especially for high thrust 381 00:13:37,100 --> 00:13:38,299 engines. 382 00:13:38,300 --> 00:13:40,369 And this is 383 00:13:40,370 --> 00:13:42,949 almost I mean, everybody knows 384 00:13:42,950 --> 00:13:44,299 we have the burning chamber here where 385 00:13:44,300 --> 00:13:45,829 the combustion takes place. 386 00:13:45,830 --> 00:13:47,869 And then there's this bell like bell 387 00:13:47,870 --> 00:13:50,029 shaped nozzle that expands 388 00:13:50,030 --> 00:13:52,429 the gas and by expanding the gas, 389 00:13:52,430 --> 00:13:54,409 transforms the inner energy into kinetic 390 00:13:54,410 --> 00:13:56,569 energy of the gas, thereby propelling 391 00:13:56,570 --> 00:13:57,770 the rocket in the other direction. 392 00:13:59,350 --> 00:14:01,599 Then, of course, aerodynamics, at least, 393 00:14:01,600 --> 00:14:02,799 as long as you stay within the 394 00:14:02,800 --> 00:14:04,179 atmosphere, this is very important 395 00:14:04,180 --> 00:14:05,709 because this is the main force on the 396 00:14:05,710 --> 00:14:06,819 rocket. 397 00:14:06,820 --> 00:14:09,189 Yeah, if you have seen rocket 398 00:14:09,190 --> 00:14:10,749 launchers, there's always this point of 399 00:14:10,750 --> 00:14:12,849 Max. Q Mexico means 400 00:14:12,850 --> 00:14:14,829 that the rocket is at the point where the 401 00:14:14,830 --> 00:14:16,449 most forces is acting on. 402 00:14:16,450 --> 00:14:17,889 This is very dangerous at the point. 403 00:14:17,890 --> 00:14:20,079 And after that it gets down. 404 00:14:20,080 --> 00:14:22,419 So aerodynamics 405 00:14:22,420 --> 00:14:24,489 very important, very complicated to 406 00:14:24,490 --> 00:14:26,169 orbit the mechanics. Once you reach 407 00:14:26,170 --> 00:14:28,509 space, you will have to understand 408 00:14:28,510 --> 00:14:30,699 very, very good where you 409 00:14:30,700 --> 00:14:31,779 are and where you're going. 410 00:14:31,780 --> 00:14:34,719 So orbital mechanics and maneuvering, 411 00:14:34,720 --> 00:14:36,489 otherwise you won't reach the target you 412 00:14:36,490 --> 00:14:39,189 intended. For example, the trajectories 413 00:14:39,190 --> 00:14:41,469 of Voyager one and two, 414 00:14:41,470 --> 00:14:43,659 which was really pure luck to 415 00:14:43,660 --> 00:14:45,429 get so many planets in one shot. 416 00:14:46,940 --> 00:14:48,289 You have to launch it at the right time, 417 00:14:48,290 --> 00:14:49,299 otherwise it's not possible, 418 00:14:50,660 --> 00:14:52,009 then you need a lot of mechanical 419 00:14:52,010 --> 00:14:54,439 engineering. So this is today much easier 420 00:14:54,440 --> 00:14:55,939 than it was like 40 years ago. 421 00:14:55,940 --> 00:14:57,169 We have to do a CAT scan. 422 00:14:57,170 --> 00:14:59,269 We have seen similar machines and less 423 00:14:59,270 --> 00:15:01,489 and everything so much easier and much 424 00:15:01,490 --> 00:15:03,649 easier to reproduce, especially because 425 00:15:03,650 --> 00:15:06,229 our materials today are more, 426 00:15:06,230 --> 00:15:07,400 um. Yeah. 427 00:15:09,650 --> 00:15:11,389 If they say it's aluminum, it's aluminum, 428 00:15:11,390 --> 00:15:13,369 it's not just some crap. 429 00:15:13,370 --> 00:15:15,859 Yeah. So we need a lot of metal working 430 00:15:15,860 --> 00:15:17,639 now, milling, milling, drilling, 431 00:15:17,640 --> 00:15:19,099 whatever. 432 00:15:19,100 --> 00:15:21,259 And this is coming now more 433 00:15:21,260 --> 00:15:23,599 into focus. You will use composite 434 00:15:23,600 --> 00:15:25,219 materials if you need a lightweight 435 00:15:25,220 --> 00:15:26,750 structure that is sturdy enough. 436 00:15:27,950 --> 00:15:30,019 It's more complicated than the cutting 437 00:15:30,020 --> 00:15:32,749 metal, but it's really lightweight. 438 00:15:32,750 --> 00:15:34,279 It pays off. 439 00:15:34,280 --> 00:15:36,289 Then of course, electronics, everything 440 00:15:36,290 --> 00:15:38,419 that will fly on the rocket 441 00:15:38,420 --> 00:15:40,639 will have to be very light 442 00:15:40,640 --> 00:15:42,829 and consume not too much energy. 443 00:15:42,830 --> 00:15:45,559 Otherwise the batteries will be too big. 444 00:15:45,560 --> 00:15:46,619 This is prohibitive. 445 00:15:46,620 --> 00:15:48,529 I we don't not in the Apollo era anymore. 446 00:15:48,530 --> 00:15:50,209 We don't need hundreds of thousands of 447 00:15:50,210 --> 00:15:52,279 watts to run a computer. 448 00:15:53,860 --> 00:15:55,719 And in this, I don't have to tell you, we 449 00:15:55,720 --> 00:15:58,419 need a lot of software today, 450 00:15:58,420 --> 00:16:00,789 in the beginning, the first rockets 451 00:16:00,790 --> 00:16:03,109 were launched without digital computers. 452 00:16:03,110 --> 00:16:04,869 They were launched with analog computers, 453 00:16:04,870 --> 00:16:05,829 so-called Myshkin. 454 00:16:05,830 --> 00:16:07,359 It was the first of them. 455 00:16:07,360 --> 00:16:09,099 And there was not one single line of 456 00:16:09,100 --> 00:16:11,769 code. Remember that they flew 457 00:16:11,770 --> 00:16:14,019 the first rockets with that until 458 00:16:14,020 --> 00:16:15,369 the Apollo program. The Apollo program 459 00:16:15,370 --> 00:16:16,779 was the first one that really used 460 00:16:16,780 --> 00:16:17,799 digital technology. 461 00:16:19,530 --> 00:16:21,479 And very important, once the rocket is 462 00:16:21,480 --> 00:16:23,099 gone and normally they are gone very, 463 00:16:23,100 --> 00:16:25,259 very fast, the only way to get 464 00:16:25,260 --> 00:16:26,609 your data through telemetry. 465 00:16:27,750 --> 00:16:28,750 No other way around. 466 00:16:29,890 --> 00:16:32,129 OK, now let's see 467 00:16:32,130 --> 00:16:33,179 how rocketry works. 468 00:16:33,180 --> 00:16:35,369 The principle of every 469 00:16:35,370 --> 00:16:38,309 rocket is a so-called recoil principle 470 00:16:38,310 --> 00:16:41,219 that states and this is a direct 471 00:16:41,220 --> 00:16:42,959 result from the homogeneity of space 472 00:16:42,960 --> 00:16:45,269 natatorium, the total momentum 473 00:16:45,270 --> 00:16:47,369 of a closed system appears constant for 474 00:16:47,370 --> 00:16:49,559 inertia server all with Newton. 475 00:16:49,560 --> 00:16:51,329 If there are no forces, the total 476 00:16:51,330 --> 00:16:53,279 momentum doesn't change. 477 00:16:53,280 --> 00:16:55,679 So if you look at a rocket at a certain 478 00:16:55,680 --> 00:16:57,779 time and the next 479 00:16:57,780 --> 00:17:00,239 moment it expels 480 00:17:00,240 --> 00:17:02,279 a little bit of mass with a relative 481 00:17:02,280 --> 00:17:03,269 velocity. 482 00:17:03,270 --> 00:17:05,368 You. So this is a velocity minus 483 00:17:05,369 --> 00:17:07,679 you in relation of the center of gravity 484 00:17:07,680 --> 00:17:09,479 of the rest of the system. 485 00:17:09,480 --> 00:17:11,338 So you go from here to there. 486 00:17:11,339 --> 00:17:12,848 Of course, it's a continuous. 487 00:17:12,849 --> 00:17:15,659 But just think about atoms flying away. 488 00:17:15,660 --> 00:17:17,848 So anyway, if you say that this 489 00:17:17,849 --> 00:17:19,979 is conserved, then the total 490 00:17:19,980 --> 00:17:22,318 momentum in this moment has to be equal 491 00:17:22,319 --> 00:17:23,909 to the total momentum in this moment. 492 00:17:23,910 --> 00:17:25,379 And this leads to the simple equation. 493 00:17:25,380 --> 00:17:27,659 I know equations make people 494 00:17:27,660 --> 00:17:28,660 run away 495 00:17:29,850 --> 00:17:31,649 from this one. 496 00:17:31,650 --> 00:17:33,509 And if you look at it very, very closely, 497 00:17:33,510 --> 00:17:35,969 you see it's much easier, this one. 498 00:17:35,970 --> 00:17:38,049 So if you divide it by the time Delta 499 00:17:38,050 --> 00:17:39,809 TB, you get a differential equation. 500 00:17:39,810 --> 00:17:42,299 Can you integrate, yada, yada, yada? 501 00:17:42,300 --> 00:17:44,099 And you get to choke off this formula. 502 00:17:44,100 --> 00:17:45,209 He found that in eighteen hundred 503 00:17:45,210 --> 00:17:46,469 something. So it's not complicated at 504 00:17:46,470 --> 00:17:46,939 all. 505 00:17:46,940 --> 00:17:49,079 Yeah, no, 506 00:17:49,080 --> 00:17:50,080 no. Really 507 00:17:51,720 --> 00:17:53,249 it's it's OK. 508 00:18:03,830 --> 00:18:06,109 Well, this thing that I called Delta V 509 00:18:06,110 --> 00:18:07,759 that stands here, this is the only thing 510 00:18:07,760 --> 00:18:09,709 that you really have to remember, Delta V 511 00:18:09,710 --> 00:18:12,529 is somehow proportional to this expulsion 512 00:18:12,530 --> 00:18:14,659 velocity and some logarithmic 513 00:18:14,660 --> 00:18:16,849 of the ratio of beginning and end 514 00:18:16,850 --> 00:18:19,129 mass. OK, so 515 00:18:19,130 --> 00:18:21,379 this one here is technologically given 516 00:18:21,380 --> 00:18:23,689 by the engine you have. 517 00:18:23,690 --> 00:18:25,579 This is a velocity given by a gas 518 00:18:25,580 --> 00:18:27,259 explosion, for example, is in the order 519 00:18:27,260 --> 00:18:29,419 of between 1000 meters per 520 00:18:29,420 --> 00:18:31,549 second to a maximum of 5000 meters per 521 00:18:31,550 --> 00:18:32,550 second. 522 00:18:33,170 --> 00:18:35,239 If you use electric engines, you 523 00:18:35,240 --> 00:18:36,419 can go much higher. 524 00:18:36,420 --> 00:18:38,629 But with with chemistry, you are bound 525 00:18:38,630 --> 00:18:40,009 to this explosion. 526 00:18:40,010 --> 00:18:42,319 And the second term here, 527 00:18:42,320 --> 00:18:44,119 the light of the rockets gets after the 528 00:18:44,120 --> 00:18:45,739 burn, the higher the total term gets. 529 00:18:45,740 --> 00:18:47,539 But because of the logarithm, the effect 530 00:18:47,540 --> 00:18:49,399 is very small. But anyway, you will try 531 00:18:49,400 --> 00:18:50,400 it. 532 00:18:51,240 --> 00:18:53,400 So what what do we need Delta V for 533 00:18:54,630 --> 00:18:56,699 you needed to get from one place in our 534 00:18:56,700 --> 00:18:58,589 solar system to another because to get 535 00:18:58,590 --> 00:18:59,969 from one orbit to another, you need a 536 00:18:59,970 --> 00:19:02,159 certain Delta V who of you 537 00:19:02,160 --> 00:19:03,969 place Kerbal Space Program. 538 00:19:03,970 --> 00:19:06,179 Oh, OK. 539 00:19:06,180 --> 00:19:08,369 So very good. 540 00:19:08,370 --> 00:19:09,629 Very good. Yeah. 541 00:19:09,630 --> 00:19:11,849 When it sounds to me my 542 00:19:11,850 --> 00:19:13,229 wife doesn't like it anyway. 543 00:19:14,580 --> 00:19:16,499 So to get from the earth to low earth 544 00:19:16,500 --> 00:19:18,719 orbit you need an exorbitant amount 545 00:19:18,720 --> 00:19:21,119 of up to 10 kilometers per second. 546 00:19:21,120 --> 00:19:23,099 That's why it's so complicated to get off 547 00:19:23,100 --> 00:19:25,349 the earth once you are on orbit. 548 00:19:25,350 --> 00:19:27,339 It's relatively cheap to get to other, 549 00:19:27,340 --> 00:19:29,039 let's say, to a geo transfer orbit is 550 00:19:29,040 --> 00:19:31,359 2.5. So only one fourth. 551 00:19:31,360 --> 00:19:33,779 Yeah. And from there to Mars, 552 00:19:33,780 --> 00:19:35,369 it's just adding up this one. 553 00:19:35,370 --> 00:19:37,229 It's not that much. OK, it's still 554 00:19:37,230 --> 00:19:38,819 something, but not that much as going 555 00:19:38,820 --> 00:19:39,969 from the Earth's orbit. 556 00:19:39,970 --> 00:19:42,479 So getting to low earth orbit 557 00:19:42,480 --> 00:19:43,829 is the real challenge. 558 00:19:43,830 --> 00:19:45,899 Once you are there, you have all 559 00:19:45,900 --> 00:19:47,339 the time in the world. 560 00:19:47,340 --> 00:19:49,409 You can use a very, very little engine 561 00:19:49,410 --> 00:19:50,999 that is just very efficient and you get 562 00:19:51,000 --> 00:19:52,019 where you want. 563 00:19:52,020 --> 00:19:54,329 OK, but getting into the Earth orbit, 564 00:19:54,330 --> 00:19:55,649 this is this is the lesson you have to 565 00:19:55,650 --> 00:19:57,959 learn that's complicated, 566 00:19:57,960 --> 00:19:59,549 OK, to get there. 567 00:19:59,550 --> 00:20:01,709 Normally one stage is not enough, 568 00:20:01,710 --> 00:20:03,899 so you use two or several stages 569 00:20:03,900 --> 00:20:06,419 and then just this Delta V just adds up. 570 00:20:06,420 --> 00:20:08,759 And so this is the first stage. 571 00:20:08,760 --> 00:20:10,859 And you start with the Mars M0 and at 572 00:20:10,860 --> 00:20:12,299 the end of the world you have to Mars and 573 00:20:12,300 --> 00:20:14,489 one and then the next stage to start with 574 00:20:14,490 --> 00:20:16,229 and one and the rest is M-2. 575 00:20:16,230 --> 00:20:18,089 And this has to be as large as possible. 576 00:20:18,090 --> 00:20:20,249 So you spend every time a lot of Mars 577 00:20:20,250 --> 00:20:22,799 and that's why ASAT on five rocket 578 00:20:22,800 --> 00:20:24,959 looks very big at the beginning and very 579 00:20:24,960 --> 00:20:25,960 small at the end. 580 00:20:27,720 --> 00:20:29,819 OK, so 581 00:20:29,820 --> 00:20:32,369 now let's talk about our project. 582 00:20:32,370 --> 00:20:35,159 Why would we even do that 583 00:20:35,160 --> 00:20:37,619 so far, our case for the fire? 584 00:20:37,620 --> 00:20:39,359 We want to make testing on suborbital 585 00:20:39,360 --> 00:20:41,519 flights. We kind of got into orbit now. 586 00:20:41,520 --> 00:20:43,889 It's impossible with the resources 587 00:20:43,890 --> 00:20:45,899 we have, but we can test it on suborbital 588 00:20:45,900 --> 00:20:48,029 flights. That means we just fly to, 589 00:20:48,030 --> 00:20:50,279 let's say, 10 kilometers or even only two 590 00:20:50,280 --> 00:20:52,169 kilometers, and then we can test all the 591 00:20:52,170 --> 00:20:53,849 stuff that is needed for a real flight, 592 00:20:53,850 --> 00:20:55,799 like telemetry, avionics, 593 00:20:57,360 --> 00:20:58,259 everything. 594 00:20:58,260 --> 00:20:59,459 And it doesn't change. 595 00:20:59,460 --> 00:21:01,140 It's just a bigger rocket in the end. 596 00:21:02,290 --> 00:21:04,239 Then even if you only go to a few 597 00:21:04,240 --> 00:21:06,459 kilometers of height, you have 598 00:21:06,460 --> 00:21:09,429 almost minutes of zero or microgravity, 599 00:21:09,430 --> 00:21:10,869 so you can do really interesting 600 00:21:10,870 --> 00:21:13,959 experiments without going into space 601 00:21:13,960 --> 00:21:14,960 and. 602 00:21:15,770 --> 00:21:17,179 What we really want to do is cross the 603 00:21:17,180 --> 00:21:18,829 common line, because at that moment the 604 00:21:18,830 --> 00:21:20,509 common line is at 100 kilometers. 605 00:21:20,510 --> 00:21:22,099 It's just a definition. 606 00:21:22,100 --> 00:21:23,109 There's no real line there. 607 00:21:23,110 --> 00:21:24,349 You can go up there and look, there's 608 00:21:24,350 --> 00:21:25,679 nothing anyway. 609 00:21:26,840 --> 00:21:29,029 One day we just thought, OK, when 610 00:21:29,030 --> 00:21:30,839 are we in space? It is 60 kilometers. 611 00:21:30,840 --> 00:21:33,319 No, it's 80, 120. 612 00:21:33,320 --> 00:21:34,789 Let's take a round number. 613 00:21:34,790 --> 00:21:35,959 Let's take 100 kilometers. 614 00:21:35,960 --> 00:21:36,960 And that's the common line. 615 00:21:38,600 --> 00:21:40,789 Normally you say a common line is defined 616 00:21:40,790 --> 00:21:42,949 by there is no 617 00:21:44,000 --> 00:21:46,069 there is no possibility that the plane 618 00:21:46,070 --> 00:21:47,419 can stay up there. 619 00:21:47,420 --> 00:21:48,420 You need a rocket. 620 00:21:49,940 --> 00:21:51,739 So and what is very important to is 621 00:21:51,740 --> 00:21:53,719 meteorological agency to measurements, 622 00:21:53,720 --> 00:21:55,849 and they I want to switch 623 00:21:55,850 --> 00:21:57,949 to my colleague Sean, because he is 624 00:21:57,950 --> 00:21:58,950 to meteorologist. 625 00:22:00,100 --> 00:22:01,100 Yeah, Mike. 626 00:22:10,470 --> 00:22:11,939 Thank you, David. 627 00:22:11,940 --> 00:22:13,139 Ladies and gentlemen. 628 00:22:13,140 --> 00:22:15,029 So while David has already mentioned that 629 00:22:15,030 --> 00:22:17,249 rockets are one of the possible 630 00:22:17,250 --> 00:22:19,619 means to access the interplanetary space, 631 00:22:19,620 --> 00:22:21,419 and you can do some kind of science and 632 00:22:21,420 --> 00:22:23,549 interplanetary space, we can also do some 633 00:22:23,550 --> 00:22:25,919 really interesting science without 634 00:22:25,920 --> 00:22:28,159 going to the interplanetary space up to 635 00:22:28,160 --> 00:22:29,999 and height of maybe eight to 10 636 00:22:30,000 --> 00:22:31,679 kilometers. That is the upper limit of 637 00:22:31,680 --> 00:22:33,749 the troposphere. In fact, you do not even 638 00:22:33,750 --> 00:22:35,579 have to go to 10 kilometers it just to go 639 00:22:35,580 --> 00:22:36,509 to five kilometers. 640 00:22:36,510 --> 00:22:38,249 And you can do real interesting stuff. 641 00:22:38,250 --> 00:22:39,840 Let us take a look what we can do that 642 00:22:42,060 --> 00:22:44,239 does not yet 643 00:22:44,240 --> 00:22:45,240 go. 644 00:22:46,750 --> 00:22:49,329 Here I have quoted a line from a paper 645 00:22:49,330 --> 00:22:52,299 from Wonderly Martins, 646 00:22:52,300 --> 00:22:53,589 and this paper was published in the 647 00:22:53,590 --> 00:22:55,689 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 648 00:22:55,690 --> 00:22:57,579 Journal, which is an open book, Open 649 00:22:57,580 --> 00:22:59,199 Access Journal from the European 650 00:22:59,200 --> 00:23:00,279 Geological Union. 651 00:23:00,280 --> 00:23:02,409 And there he writes that unfortunately, 652 00:23:02,410 --> 00:23:04,209 all the matters that we have today, 653 00:23:04,210 --> 00:23:06,279 including today's radio Sondos, including 654 00:23:06,280 --> 00:23:08,859 to the satellites and barometer's, 655 00:23:08,860 --> 00:23:11,079 they are not enough to study, 656 00:23:11,080 --> 00:23:13,729 for example, a cloud, particularly, 657 00:23:13,730 --> 00:23:16,089 he emphasizes that the thermodynamics 658 00:23:16,090 --> 00:23:17,589 that is happening in the top part of the 659 00:23:17,590 --> 00:23:19,719 cloud, which is illuminated by the solar 660 00:23:19,720 --> 00:23:21,879 radiation, is entirely different. 661 00:23:21,880 --> 00:23:23,709 And what is happening in the bottom side 662 00:23:23,710 --> 00:23:25,779 or the scythed parts of the cloud, 663 00:23:25,780 --> 00:23:27,879 which is not eliminated, and thereby 664 00:23:27,880 --> 00:23:29,619 you have entirely different and dynamic 665 00:23:29,620 --> 00:23:31,899 phases, entirely different dynamics 666 00:23:31,900 --> 00:23:34,509 of water vapor and insetting and again, 667 00:23:34,510 --> 00:23:36,249 again, vaporizing. 668 00:23:36,250 --> 00:23:38,379 And this can have 669 00:23:38,380 --> 00:23:40,599 really deciding effects 670 00:23:40,600 --> 00:23:42,759 on the climate system of this planet. 671 00:23:42,760 --> 00:23:45,519 Why this is important for us, because 672 00:23:45,520 --> 00:23:47,229 if any one of you have read the report of 673 00:23:47,230 --> 00:23:49,509 IPCC, the last one and the one before 674 00:23:49,510 --> 00:23:51,400 that, you will see that the 675 00:23:52,960 --> 00:23:55,179 security that we have on our knowledge 676 00:23:55,180 --> 00:23:57,069 about erodable systems, more specifically 677 00:23:57,070 --> 00:23:59,589 on clouds, is really, really low. 678 00:23:59,590 --> 00:24:02,409 If you want to quantification, then the 679 00:24:02,410 --> 00:24:04,779 amount of error is in the order of 680 00:24:04,780 --> 00:24:07,509 300 percent and therefore 681 00:24:07,510 --> 00:24:09,519 investigating all systems or more 682 00:24:09,520 --> 00:24:11,799 specifically, investigating clouds 683 00:24:11,800 --> 00:24:14,169 and the indirect effects. 684 00:24:14,170 --> 00:24:16,179 How they influence the leader of the 685 00:24:16,180 --> 00:24:17,979 planet is really important in order to 686 00:24:17,980 --> 00:24:19,719 predict what the planet is going to look 687 00:24:19,720 --> 00:24:21,579 like in the next year or in the next 688 00:24:21,580 --> 00:24:23,319 decade and how the climate system is 689 00:24:23,320 --> 00:24:25,659 going to be affected by that, why 690 00:24:25,660 --> 00:24:27,789 rockets make a very interesting 691 00:24:27,790 --> 00:24:30,249 and a very perfect way of investigating 692 00:24:30,250 --> 00:24:32,559 that will be cleared from 693 00:24:32,560 --> 00:24:33,909 this picture. 694 00:24:33,910 --> 00:24:36,129 This is an investigation done 695 00:24:36,130 --> 00:24:37,929 by NASA, as this is called Greece as the 696 00:24:37,930 --> 00:24:39,789 country of Greece. But the stands for 697 00:24:39,790 --> 00:24:42,249 ground to Rocket Electricals, 698 00:24:42,250 --> 00:24:45,219 something called lation experiment. 699 00:24:45,220 --> 00:24:47,769 And what you can see here is that 700 00:24:47,770 --> 00:24:50,049 a rocket is delivering a sun directly 701 00:24:50,050 --> 00:24:51,369 inside an aurora. 702 00:24:51,370 --> 00:24:53,559 So the important part 703 00:24:53,560 --> 00:24:55,299 here is that a rocket can do a really 704 00:24:55,300 --> 00:24:57,699 precise on delivery, really precise 705 00:24:57,700 --> 00:24:59,199 instrument delivery. 706 00:24:59,200 --> 00:25:00,849 And this is why this is real interesting. 707 00:25:00,850 --> 00:25:03,039 Then we can deliver a device on 708 00:25:03,040 --> 00:25:04,419 the top of the cloud or even on the 709 00:25:04,420 --> 00:25:06,549 bottom of the cloud. And then we can use 710 00:25:06,550 --> 00:25:08,709 these two devices to investigate 711 00:25:08,710 --> 00:25:11,739 what has not been investigated yet. 712 00:25:11,740 --> 00:25:14,079 In order to do that, we do not need 713 00:25:14,080 --> 00:25:15,909 really big rockets. 714 00:25:15,910 --> 00:25:17,429 First, let us take a look at this rocket. 715 00:25:17,430 --> 00:25:19,659 This is a solid rocket 716 00:25:19,660 --> 00:25:21,519 called Javelin. This was developed to 717 00:25:21,520 --> 00:25:22,839 study the upper atmosphere, more 718 00:25:22,840 --> 00:25:25,209 specifically the sphere and 719 00:25:25,210 --> 00:25:26,859 the ionization properties of Nanosphere 720 00:25:26,860 --> 00:25:28,979 so that the Americans could develop 721 00:25:28,980 --> 00:25:31,359 FM radio communication technologies more 722 00:25:31,360 --> 00:25:33,189 efficiently. But we will not need that 723 00:25:33,190 --> 00:25:34,989 kind of rockets. We'll need much smaller, 724 00:25:34,990 --> 00:25:36,519 much low flying rockets. 725 00:25:36,520 --> 00:25:38,499 And Dr. Madlener will tell you more about 726 00:25:38,500 --> 00:25:40,509 such kind of rockets and their flight 727 00:25:40,510 --> 00:25:41,510 properties. 728 00:25:42,820 --> 00:25:43,820 Thank you. 729 00:25:49,610 --> 00:25:51,799 So as you have seen, Sean 730 00:25:51,800 --> 00:25:54,109 is very passionate about clouds, 731 00:25:54,110 --> 00:25:56,209 and so this is 732 00:25:56,210 --> 00:25:57,739 a typical concert. 733 00:25:57,740 --> 00:25:58,659 This is not our cancer. 734 00:25:58,660 --> 00:26:00,619 This is just one concert is very small 735 00:26:00,620 --> 00:26:02,759 satellites really as big as a can, 736 00:26:02,760 --> 00:26:03,679 nothing more. 737 00:26:03,680 --> 00:26:05,299 And you can today with modern 738 00:26:05,300 --> 00:26:07,519 microphones, you could put something in 739 00:26:07,520 --> 00:26:09,919 it that can measure whatever you like. 740 00:26:09,920 --> 00:26:11,509 Yeah. I mean, there are so many sensors 741 00:26:11,510 --> 00:26:12,919 today. 742 00:26:12,920 --> 00:26:15,049 Just go on the Internet, search for 743 00:26:15,050 --> 00:26:17,179 Ardino or whatever, and you get for 744 00:26:17,180 --> 00:26:19,759 50 bucks. You get so much that you can. 745 00:26:19,760 --> 00:26:20,419 Yeah. 746 00:26:20,420 --> 00:26:21,859 Make like 10 concerts 747 00:26:23,300 --> 00:26:25,249 anyway. So what, what, what do you want 748 00:26:25,250 --> 00:26:26,839 to do and how do we do it? 749 00:26:26,840 --> 00:26:29,119 Our philosophy here is 750 00:26:29,120 --> 00:26:31,189 to keep it simple, stupid, with 751 00:26:31,190 --> 00:26:32,190 or without common. 752 00:26:33,850 --> 00:26:36,069 So we use solid rocket engines mainly. 753 00:26:36,070 --> 00:26:38,019 We are also working on hybrids, but they 754 00:26:38,020 --> 00:26:39,079 are a little bit more complex. 755 00:26:39,080 --> 00:26:40,809 So solid rocket engines is what we have 756 00:26:40,810 --> 00:26:43,089 used the last nine 757 00:26:43,090 --> 00:26:45,219 years. And they are based 758 00:26:45,220 --> 00:26:46,619 on something we call Candy. 759 00:26:47,770 --> 00:26:48,909 Actually, you can really eat the 760 00:26:48,910 --> 00:26:50,619 ingredients. I wouldn't recommend to eat 761 00:26:50,620 --> 00:26:53,289 it in block, but 762 00:26:53,290 --> 00:26:54,290 it's sugar. 763 00:26:55,190 --> 00:26:57,319 It's salt that you normally 764 00:26:57,320 --> 00:26:59,899 put in me so it doesn't get bad, 765 00:26:59,900 --> 00:27:01,429 a little bit of charcoal, which is not 766 00:27:01,430 --> 00:27:04,519 good for the taste and 767 00:27:04,520 --> 00:27:06,619 iron oxide, which is 768 00:27:06,620 --> 00:27:07,759 more healthy. 769 00:27:07,760 --> 00:27:10,039 Anyway, we use always common 770 00:27:10,040 --> 00:27:11,959 material. So we use aluminum, we use 771 00:27:11,960 --> 00:27:14,179 steel, we use multiplex 772 00:27:14,180 --> 00:27:16,759 wood, we use PVC, 773 00:27:16,760 --> 00:27:17,719 whatever. 774 00:27:17,720 --> 00:27:19,399 You don't need something exotic like 775 00:27:19,400 --> 00:27:21,319 magnesium, aluminum, whatever. 776 00:27:21,320 --> 00:27:22,609 Yeah, it's not necessary. 777 00:27:22,610 --> 00:27:24,859 Sometimes we use the glass fiber. 778 00:27:24,860 --> 00:27:26,959 Carbon fiber is nice, but it's 779 00:27:26,960 --> 00:27:28,309 very difficult to handle. 780 00:27:28,310 --> 00:27:30,949 It's bad for your lungs and 781 00:27:30,950 --> 00:27:32,209 it's very expensive. 782 00:27:32,210 --> 00:27:34,009 So we don't do that. 783 00:27:34,010 --> 00:27:35,839 We use standard manufacturing techniques 784 00:27:35,840 --> 00:27:38,119 or milling, drilling, the less 785 00:27:38,120 --> 00:27:40,639 churning these are allowed 786 00:27:40,640 --> 00:27:42,859 and we always use a low budget, so 787 00:27:42,860 --> 00:27:44,809 none of our rockets is more expensive, 788 00:27:44,810 --> 00:27:46,699 let's say two kilo euro. 789 00:27:46,700 --> 00:27:49,429 Yeah, this is our budget for one rocket. 790 00:27:49,430 --> 00:27:51,499 Of course, a lot of money goes into all 791 00:27:51,500 --> 00:27:53,569 this, running around, going to Denmark 792 00:27:53,570 --> 00:27:54,769 or wherever. 793 00:27:54,770 --> 00:27:56,869 But the rocket itself, it's very cheap. 794 00:27:56,870 --> 00:27:59,599 And to keep the budget even lower, 795 00:27:59,600 --> 00:28:01,789 we built them to be reusable. 796 00:28:01,790 --> 00:28:03,049 So parachutes. 797 00:28:04,530 --> 00:28:06,659 OK, so what have 798 00:28:06,660 --> 00:28:09,269 you done in the last years? 799 00:28:09,270 --> 00:28:11,339 This is from 2005, it's called LAGOONA 800 00:28:11,340 --> 00:28:13,589 one was a nice little three meters 801 00:28:13,590 --> 00:28:15,689 long, 16 centimeters diameter like 802 00:28:15,690 --> 00:28:17,999 this, and it could fly to almost 803 00:28:18,000 --> 00:28:19,000 one kilometer. 804 00:28:20,910 --> 00:28:22,979 And this is a flight in 805 00:28:22,980 --> 00:28:24,359 two thousand, six or seven. 806 00:28:25,650 --> 00:28:27,809 This is pure candy, as you can see from 807 00:28:27,810 --> 00:28:29,599 the white smoke. 808 00:28:29,600 --> 00:28:31,490 This is soda soda powder, 809 00:28:32,630 --> 00:28:34,939 essentially, and 810 00:28:34,940 --> 00:28:36,559 you don't see a flame, the flames are 811 00:28:36,560 --> 00:28:38,659 very small because it doesn't burn very 812 00:28:38,660 --> 00:28:40,489 hot and has some specific impulse around 813 00:28:40,490 --> 00:28:42,769 140, which is not very good, but 814 00:28:42,770 --> 00:28:43,789 it's extremely cheap. 815 00:28:43,790 --> 00:28:46,039 Like one kilo costs us like two euros. 816 00:28:46,040 --> 00:28:48,199 And in this on this rocket 817 00:28:48,200 --> 00:28:49,519 is just to kill us, 818 00:28:50,840 --> 00:28:52,369 to building rock, to build rockets and to 819 00:28:52,370 --> 00:28:54,289 fly them. That's not the expensive part. 820 00:28:54,290 --> 00:28:56,479 Expensive parties to get there 821 00:28:56,480 --> 00:28:58,339 and to get the permission to do it. 822 00:28:58,340 --> 00:29:01,189 It's more expensive today, at least. 823 00:29:01,190 --> 00:29:03,319 So this is Acuña two, which was built 824 00:29:03,320 --> 00:29:05,569 a year later and 825 00:29:05,570 --> 00:29:07,879 was trimmed to be very fast. 826 00:29:07,880 --> 00:29:10,759 It has a diameter of only 11 centimeters 827 00:29:10,760 --> 00:29:12,829 here, a slightly larger 828 00:29:12,830 --> 00:29:15,049 motor, and it's getting up to about 829 00:29:15,050 --> 00:29:17,449 two and a half kilometers with the 830 00:29:17,450 --> 00:29:18,349 median moto. 831 00:29:18,350 --> 00:29:21,079 The big motor was never used a big motor. 832 00:29:21,080 --> 00:29:22,399 So the aft part is the motor. 833 00:29:22,400 --> 00:29:24,349 So the medium motor is like from here to 834 00:29:24,350 --> 00:29:26,419 here, that's all. And the big motor, 835 00:29:26,420 --> 00:29:27,769 the Enmore that it would never use would 836 00:29:27,770 --> 00:29:28,939 go up to here. 837 00:29:28,940 --> 00:29:29,929 Yeah. 838 00:29:29,930 --> 00:29:32,239 And we did never use it because it hadn't 839 00:29:32,240 --> 00:29:34,369 the permission to go up to six, seven 840 00:29:34,370 --> 00:29:35,749 kilometers. That's the only problem we 841 00:29:35,750 --> 00:29:36,750 had at the time. 842 00:29:38,030 --> 00:29:39,739 Anyway, we flew it a few times. 843 00:29:39,740 --> 00:29:41,929 This is also, again, normal, Candy, as 844 00:29:41,930 --> 00:29:43,190 you can see from the white smoke 845 00:29:44,360 --> 00:29:47,269 then we built in 2008. 846 00:29:47,270 --> 00:29:50,329 They are three, which is 847 00:29:50,330 --> 00:29:52,309 not very much larger, but very much 848 00:29:52,310 --> 00:29:54,229 thicker, as you can see, is 20 849 00:29:54,230 --> 00:29:55,759 centimeters diameter. 850 00:29:55,760 --> 00:29:57,709 So you can pack a lot of stuff inside it. 851 00:29:57,710 --> 00:30:00,079 And because we we understood 852 00:30:00,080 --> 00:30:01,459 that with Acuña, too, which was very 853 00:30:01,460 --> 00:30:03,589 fast, was very difficult to put anything 854 00:30:03,590 --> 00:30:06,839 inside. But at the time we had no RVN. 855 00:30:06,840 --> 00:30:08,749 No, it's not a problem anymore. 856 00:30:09,980 --> 00:30:12,139 Anyway, in flight it's just slightly 857 00:30:12,140 --> 00:30:14,539 different because this year 858 00:30:14,540 --> 00:30:16,699 is what we call suka 859 00:30:16,700 --> 00:30:19,129 super kendi, which is a mixture. 860 00:30:19,130 --> 00:30:20,719 Yeah, it's not my invention, it's 861 00:30:20,720 --> 00:30:22,819 invention of doctor, which has a patent 862 00:30:22,820 --> 00:30:25,519 on it. He's a member of our club 863 00:30:25,520 --> 00:30:27,739 and the patent is just too so 864 00:30:27,740 --> 00:30:29,869 protected. So no one can can take it away 865 00:30:29,870 --> 00:30:31,339 so everybody can use it. 866 00:30:31,340 --> 00:30:33,619 It's essentially the candy 867 00:30:33,620 --> 00:30:35,749 with a lot of aluminum powder 868 00:30:35,750 --> 00:30:37,879 like 200 micron powder and it goes really 869 00:30:37,880 --> 00:30:39,619 as high as like one hundred seventy 870 00:30:39,620 --> 00:30:41,519 seconds specific in. 871 00:30:41,520 --> 00:30:43,819 So it's a lot of more power behind 872 00:30:43,820 --> 00:30:44,899 it. 873 00:30:44,900 --> 00:30:47,419 OK, so in 2008, 2009 874 00:30:47,420 --> 00:30:49,009 we thought about, OK, now we build three 875 00:30:49,010 --> 00:30:51,169 rockets, but we want to go higher 876 00:30:51,170 --> 00:30:53,149 like 10 kilometers or so. 877 00:30:53,150 --> 00:30:55,999 And we had contact with the 878 00:30:56,000 --> 00:30:57,769 Danish club called the Danish Space 879 00:30:57,770 --> 00:30:59,839 Challenge that operate 880 00:30:59,840 --> 00:31:01,909 from this little 881 00:31:01,910 --> 00:31:04,069 little town close to our house. 882 00:31:05,180 --> 00:31:07,249 And then we 883 00:31:07,250 --> 00:31:08,779 had to motor. 884 00:31:08,780 --> 00:31:10,879 We will see it later in action 885 00:31:10,880 --> 00:31:13,219 here. This section here, this is 886 00:31:13,220 --> 00:31:15,589 the motor this upper section 887 00:31:15,590 --> 00:31:17,569 was a recovery section here, upwards of 888 00:31:17,570 --> 00:31:18,679 avionics bay. 889 00:31:18,680 --> 00:31:19,939 We made it short after that. 890 00:31:19,940 --> 00:31:22,039 This year is the ramp that 891 00:31:22,040 --> 00:31:24,319 we built for Poland. 892 00:31:24,320 --> 00:31:26,149 But then Poland was so dry that we 893 00:31:26,150 --> 00:31:28,250 couldn't go. That was in 2011. 894 00:31:29,450 --> 00:31:31,369 They called us like one week before we 895 00:31:31,370 --> 00:31:33,919 were ready. We wanted to go to Poland 896 00:31:33,920 --> 00:31:35,239 and they said, no, you can come. 897 00:31:35,240 --> 00:31:37,039 And why not? It hasn't rained in like 898 00:31:37,040 --> 00:31:39,439 four weeks and your rocket will ignite 899 00:31:39,440 --> 00:31:40,789 our wood. So sorry. 900 00:31:40,790 --> 00:31:42,200 Sorry, guys, next year maybe. 901 00:31:43,550 --> 00:31:44,550 Anyway, 902 00:31:45,800 --> 00:31:47,449 so let's talk about pot production. 903 00:31:47,450 --> 00:31:48,979 I have told you that we use normal 904 00:31:48,980 --> 00:31:49,849 manufacturing methods. 905 00:31:49,850 --> 00:31:50,850 So this is left 906 00:31:52,910 --> 00:31:55,009 and after a while it looks like this. 907 00:31:55,010 --> 00:31:57,889 So this is for the moto, the 908 00:31:57,890 --> 00:31:59,359 upper compartment, the Daptone, 909 00:32:00,620 --> 00:32:03,469 and these are the parts, the couplers 910 00:32:03,470 --> 00:32:04,470 and 911 00:32:05,900 --> 00:32:07,519 for the avionics bay, this operation 912 00:32:07,520 --> 00:32:08,029 coupler. 913 00:32:08,030 --> 00:32:10,219 So these are the normal couplers for the 914 00:32:10,220 --> 00:32:11,779 for the tubes. And this here is for the 915 00:32:11,780 --> 00:32:13,159 motor. 916 00:32:13,160 --> 00:32:15,140 They were manufactured in 2010 917 00:32:16,730 --> 00:32:18,589 and then we had to made holes in it. 918 00:32:18,590 --> 00:32:20,029 I mean, you take a drill, you make holes 919 00:32:20,030 --> 00:32:21,709 in it. Right. But you have to be very 920 00:32:21,710 --> 00:32:23,059 precise. That's not very easy. 921 00:32:23,060 --> 00:32:25,429 So what you see here is a stepping motor, 922 00:32:25,430 --> 00:32:27,889 which you can give impulses. 923 00:32:27,890 --> 00:32:29,599 So it turns a certain angle. 924 00:32:29,600 --> 00:32:30,859 Otherwise it will be imprecise. 925 00:32:30,860 --> 00:32:31,759 You cannot do it by hand. 926 00:32:31,760 --> 00:32:32,760 So impossible 927 00:32:34,910 --> 00:32:37,009 again, milling, milling, milling. 928 00:32:37,010 --> 00:32:37,969 It takes a lot of time. 929 00:32:37,970 --> 00:32:40,519 So to thing like this, it takes like 930 00:32:40,520 --> 00:32:41,539 four or five hours. 931 00:32:42,860 --> 00:32:44,569 This is the nozzle combined with the 932 00:32:44,570 --> 00:32:46,669 enclosure. So you see 933 00:32:46,670 --> 00:32:48,199 the graphite part. Graphite is really 934 00:32:48,200 --> 00:32:50,179 very, very nice to to handle. 935 00:32:50,180 --> 00:32:52,819 Of course it's brittle, but it's 936 00:32:52,820 --> 00:32:54,679 self smearing. So you don't have to use 937 00:32:54,680 --> 00:32:57,949 any lubricant during the procedures. 938 00:32:57,950 --> 00:33:00,049 And is this not from 939 00:33:00,050 --> 00:33:02,209 from the other 940 00:33:02,210 --> 00:33:04,009 side? So you can see here the throat of 941 00:33:04,010 --> 00:33:06,259 the nozzle where the hot gases go through 942 00:33:06,260 --> 00:33:08,029 and don't touch this after test. 943 00:33:08,030 --> 00:33:09,030 It's really hot. 944 00:33:10,500 --> 00:33:12,779 So let's talk about our last 945 00:33:12,780 --> 00:33:14,999 campaign in 2014, our 946 00:33:15,000 --> 00:33:17,319 colleagues from D.C., 947 00:33:17,320 --> 00:33:19,379 uh, had the courtesy 948 00:33:19,380 --> 00:33:21,389 to bring us over material that we left 949 00:33:21,390 --> 00:33:23,609 there, the akuna 950 00:33:23,610 --> 00:33:25,649 for parts, because we had to come from 951 00:33:25,650 --> 00:33:28,229 Cologne and Berlin and Munich 952 00:33:28,230 --> 00:33:29,699 and so on and go all the way up to 953 00:33:29,700 --> 00:33:30,149 Denmark. 954 00:33:30,150 --> 00:33:32,309 So taking the whole rocket every time up 955 00:33:32,310 --> 00:33:33,310 and down 956 00:33:34,530 --> 00:33:36,539 futa. So we left the rocket in two 957 00:33:36,540 --> 00:33:39,059 thousand thirteen there 958 00:33:39,060 --> 00:33:40,619 and they told us, no problem, we will 959 00:33:40,620 --> 00:33:41,999 bring it by. 960 00:33:42,000 --> 00:33:44,249 And that's what they brought us on Monday 961 00:33:44,250 --> 00:33:46,469 and we were scheduled to launch on 962 00:33:46,470 --> 00:33:48,629 Saturday. OK, so we were like, 963 00:33:48,630 --> 00:33:51,089 oops, what do we do now? 964 00:33:51,090 --> 00:33:53,219 But the Danish Space Challenge is up 965 00:33:53,220 --> 00:33:54,359 for a challenge. 966 00:33:54,360 --> 00:33:56,789 So Danish soldiering challenge, 967 00:33:56,790 --> 00:33:58,919 they really within within a few 968 00:33:58,920 --> 00:34:01,169 hours they could repair 969 00:34:01,170 --> 00:34:03,419 it by soldiering. 970 00:34:03,420 --> 00:34:04,919 This is doable. This is not very easy. 971 00:34:04,920 --> 00:34:05,999 It's very brittle material. 972 00:34:06,000 --> 00:34:08,399 They tolerate using 973 00:34:08,400 --> 00:34:09,659 using nitrogen gas 974 00:34:10,739 --> 00:34:12,809 together. Again, of course, 975 00:34:12,810 --> 00:34:14,968 we were a little bit astonished 976 00:34:14,969 --> 00:34:17,129 that tool could break so easily. 977 00:34:17,130 --> 00:34:19,198 So we removed all the paintings 978 00:34:19,199 --> 00:34:21,339 and then used fiberglass 979 00:34:21,340 --> 00:34:22,709 to reinforce it again. 980 00:34:22,710 --> 00:34:24,569 So we were there for one week before the 981 00:34:24,570 --> 00:34:26,669 launch. We came there on on 982 00:34:26,670 --> 00:34:27,329 a Sunday. 983 00:34:27,330 --> 00:34:29,399 On Monday, we were brought all the 984 00:34:29,400 --> 00:34:31,799 stuff from the AC module, 985 00:34:31,800 --> 00:34:33,928 all the fin, and then we 986 00:34:33,929 --> 00:34:35,009 started to integrate. 987 00:34:35,010 --> 00:34:36,448 So we integrate for a whole week. 988 00:34:36,449 --> 00:34:38,609 This rocket, this was one step 989 00:34:39,840 --> 00:34:41,249 misses the avionics bay, the upper 990 00:34:41,250 --> 00:34:42,209 avionics bay. 991 00:34:42,210 --> 00:34:44,309 We can see here on the upper 992 00:34:44,310 --> 00:34:45,999 this antenna is just for testing. 993 00:34:46,000 --> 00:34:48,178 A real antenna would be more on top. 994 00:34:48,179 --> 00:34:50,549 This is an RFM to have a module 995 00:34:50,550 --> 00:34:52,678 from Holper if half of what 996 00:34:52,679 --> 00:34:54,839 is seventy centimeters, very powerful 997 00:34:54,840 --> 00:34:57,719 here. Below there are sensors, gyroscopes 998 00:34:57,720 --> 00:34:59,669 and accelerometers and you below a data 999 00:34:59,670 --> 00:35:02,339 processing unit, simple microcontroller 1000 00:35:02,340 --> 00:35:04,469 x3 to a if somebody wants 1001 00:35:04,470 --> 00:35:05,369 to know. 1002 00:35:05,370 --> 00:35:07,619 So is this another view from 1003 00:35:07,620 --> 00:35:09,689 upwards. So you can see again here 1004 00:35:09,690 --> 00:35:12,539 the power module yariv power module. 1005 00:35:12,540 --> 00:35:13,779 This is just a voltage. 1006 00:35:13,780 --> 00:35:15,120 This was the antenna for the test. 1007 00:35:16,770 --> 00:35:18,629 So this is during integration, so these 1008 00:35:18,630 --> 00:35:20,489 are just two simple ripples. 1009 00:35:20,490 --> 00:35:21,839 Yeah, it's very simple. 1010 00:35:21,840 --> 00:35:23,969 Just put them on top and what you can see 1011 00:35:23,970 --> 00:35:24,970 here. 1012 00:35:26,560 --> 00:35:28,839 Is some cables running down 1013 00:35:28,840 --> 00:35:31,059 to an ADC down at the data 1014 00:35:31,060 --> 00:35:33,249 processing unit, because 1015 00:35:33,250 --> 00:35:35,229 we try to launch this rocket like three 1016 00:35:35,230 --> 00:35:37,299 times and every time something 1017 00:35:37,300 --> 00:35:39,519 else happened, the first time 1018 00:35:39,520 --> 00:35:40,899 the batteries ran out on us. 1019 00:35:40,900 --> 00:35:42,039 So we had it on the ramp. 1020 00:35:42,040 --> 00:35:43,359 Everything was ready and then no 1021 00:35:43,360 --> 00:35:44,679 telemetric came. We said what what 1022 00:35:44,680 --> 00:35:45,699 happened? 1023 00:35:45,700 --> 00:35:47,769 And it was just the battery 1024 00:35:47,770 --> 00:35:48,979 died on us. 1025 00:35:48,980 --> 00:35:50,479 It was the first time entitlement, the 1026 00:35:50,480 --> 00:35:52,599 north part of Denmark, the 1027 00:35:52,600 --> 00:35:54,889 second time in 1028 00:35:54,890 --> 00:35:56,949 the Danes switched 1029 00:35:56,950 --> 00:35:58,389 the place where they wanted to launch to 1030 00:35:58,390 --> 00:35:59,739 Namenda Gap, which is in the southern 1031 00:35:59,740 --> 00:36:01,119 part of Denmark. 1032 00:36:01,120 --> 00:36:03,429 And there is very, very fine 1033 00:36:03,430 --> 00:36:04,359 white fine sand. 1034 00:36:04,360 --> 00:36:06,789 And indeed, there is a location 1035 00:36:06,790 --> 00:36:08,229 very close to the minecart, which is 1036 00:36:08,230 --> 00:36:10,389 called Villazon, which is White Sands. 1037 00:36:11,670 --> 00:36:13,889 If anybody knows what that is, 1038 00:36:13,890 --> 00:36:15,989 so we long we try to launch from 1039 00:36:15,990 --> 00:36:17,579 White Sands, but then they got with a 1040 00:36:17,580 --> 00:36:20,339 truck on this white sand and it just sank 1041 00:36:20,340 --> 00:36:22,059 into the sand and they had to call a 1042 00:36:22,060 --> 00:36:23,489 crane to get it out again. 1043 00:36:23,490 --> 00:36:24,690 So no launch at this day 1044 00:36:26,220 --> 00:36:28,589 anyway. So this is after integration 1045 00:36:28,590 --> 00:36:30,449 and you can see the look in the eyes. 1046 00:36:30,450 --> 00:36:32,159 Finally, it's done. 1047 00:36:33,960 --> 00:36:35,310 Yeah, it was like several hours. 1048 00:36:36,380 --> 00:36:38,539 This is on the beach again, a very fine 1049 00:36:38,540 --> 00:36:40,009 sand here on the left. 1050 00:36:40,010 --> 00:36:41,749 Our meteorologist here on the right, the 1051 00:36:41,750 --> 00:36:43,580 other ones and 1052 00:36:45,140 --> 00:36:46,939 on the beach, you really have to work 1053 00:36:46,940 --> 00:36:48,979 inside a tent because you cannot you 1054 00:36:48,980 --> 00:36:50,659 cannot work in the wind and in the sand. 1055 00:36:50,660 --> 00:36:51,919 Everything gets full of sand. 1056 00:36:51,920 --> 00:36:53,959 I mean, the sand is really strange. 1057 00:36:53,960 --> 00:36:55,759 You get full of it like everything is 1058 00:36:55,760 --> 00:36:57,619 full of it. And then you go off to the 1059 00:36:57,620 --> 00:37:00,169 beach, make like this, and it's gone 1060 00:37:00,170 --> 00:37:02,779 so fine that it goes into everything, 1061 00:37:02,780 --> 00:37:04,579 especially into your mechanical parts. 1062 00:37:05,740 --> 00:37:07,389 And lubrication, this is the antenna. 1063 00:37:07,390 --> 00:37:09,639 This is circularly polarized 1064 00:37:09,640 --> 00:37:12,159 antenna. Very nice for 70 centimeters. 1065 00:37:12,160 --> 00:37:13,719 We are two of them. 1066 00:37:13,720 --> 00:37:15,249 This is one round station. 1067 00:37:15,250 --> 00:37:16,809 So we receive telemetry over this 1068 00:37:16,810 --> 00:37:18,429 antenna, goes directly to laptop and you 1069 00:37:18,430 --> 00:37:21,069 can see the stream 1070 00:37:21,070 --> 00:37:22,479 in realtime. 1071 00:37:22,480 --> 00:37:24,499 So these are the three parts. 1072 00:37:24,500 --> 00:37:26,859 Again, the typical avionics 1073 00:37:26,860 --> 00:37:28,959 parts with telemetry 1074 00:37:28,960 --> 00:37:31,269 and the recovery part, 1075 00:37:31,270 --> 00:37:33,429 which is a CO2 cartridge which is 1076 00:37:33,430 --> 00:37:35,499 ejected at at the highest point or should 1077 00:37:35,500 --> 00:37:37,119 have been ejected at the highest point. 1078 00:37:37,120 --> 00:37:39,369 This is the motor I 1079 00:37:39,370 --> 00:37:42,219 come to this this is the motor 1080 00:37:42,220 --> 00:37:44,319 with the 18 kilograms of suka giving 1081 00:37:44,320 --> 00:37:46,479 about one point two tons 1082 00:37:46,480 --> 00:37:48,549 of thrust for about three seconds, 1083 00:37:48,550 --> 00:37:50,259 which gives the rocket an acceleration at 1084 00:37:50,260 --> 00:37:52,299 Bernauer of about 30 G. 1085 00:37:52,300 --> 00:37:53,329 So it's fast. 1086 00:37:53,330 --> 00:37:55,659 If you count to three, it's gone. 1087 00:37:55,660 --> 00:37:56,860 I mean, literally gone. 1088 00:37:58,070 --> 00:38:00,249 And this is the recovery section with 1089 00:38:00,250 --> 00:38:02,779 the parachutes and of course, 1090 00:38:02,780 --> 00:38:05,149 as we are overseeing a Buey 1091 00:38:05,150 --> 00:38:07,009 or better said, there were two Bewes but 1092 00:38:07,010 --> 00:38:08,789 only one worked anyway. 1093 00:38:10,610 --> 00:38:12,889 This is a launch, so it's 1094 00:38:12,890 --> 00:38:15,079 very impressive. And I want to show you 1095 00:38:15,080 --> 00:38:16,519 on video. 1096 00:38:16,520 --> 00:38:18,260 Just have to start it up. 1097 00:38:21,880 --> 00:38:22,880 First of all. 1098 00:38:25,660 --> 00:38:28,959 Oh, no, first first I show you the motor, 1099 00:38:28,960 --> 00:38:31,289 this was a test performed in 2009, 1100 00:38:33,260 --> 00:38:35,289 why are we just thinking about Yagoona 1101 00:38:35,290 --> 00:38:37,539 for so there was a test that didn't work 1102 00:38:37,540 --> 00:38:39,129 out in 2008. 1103 00:38:41,560 --> 00:38:43,689 So this is a set up, very simple, if 1104 00:38:43,690 --> 00:38:45,909 you look at it, you can find everything 1105 00:38:45,910 --> 00:38:47,859 and your normal hardware store except 1106 00:38:47,860 --> 00:38:49,299 maybe the graphite nozzle, it's very 1107 00:38:49,300 --> 00:38:51,369 difficult to get. But anyway, 1108 00:38:51,370 --> 00:38:53,619 so this is Dr. Eckel. 1109 00:38:53,620 --> 00:38:55,239 If you look closely, he is missing one 1110 00:38:55,240 --> 00:38:56,320 finger on his right hand. 1111 00:38:57,880 --> 00:39:00,789 And yeah, 1112 00:39:00,790 --> 00:39:02,409 he says he will never again touch 1113 00:39:02,410 --> 00:39:03,410 chlorides. Never. 1114 00:39:06,250 --> 00:39:07,449 Yeah, he works for this. 1115 00:39:07,450 --> 00:39:08,709 He lives for this. 1116 00:39:08,710 --> 00:39:11,019 So he he's a chemistry 1117 00:39:11,020 --> 00:39:13,089 chemist by by profession and he 1118 00:39:13,090 --> 00:39:15,399 worked for as director of the Jimmy 1119 00:39:15,400 --> 00:39:17,429 and Son. So he knows what he does. 1120 00:39:17,430 --> 00:39:17,589 Yeah. 1121 00:39:17,590 --> 00:39:21,129 But even professionals can get sometimes. 1122 00:39:21,130 --> 00:39:23,739 Yeah. Well mutilated. 1123 00:39:23,740 --> 00:39:25,929 And he's also a slightly deaf on one 1124 00:39:25,930 --> 00:39:26,259 ear. 1125 00:39:26,260 --> 00:39:27,260 So 1126 00:39:29,410 --> 00:39:31,809 that's why I always say please stop doing 1127 00:39:31,810 --> 00:39:32,810 solid rockets, 1128 00:39:34,180 --> 00:39:35,739 but nobody can stop this man. 1129 00:39:38,950 --> 00:39:40,269 So we are in a field. 1130 00:39:40,270 --> 00:39:42,249 I think it's somewhere in Bavaria. 1131 00:39:42,250 --> 00:39:44,649 I don't remember exactly. 1132 00:39:44,650 --> 00:39:46,899 Can we get sound on this? 1133 00:39:46,900 --> 00:39:48,399 Yeah. Put a little louder. 1134 00:39:49,520 --> 00:39:50,520 Right. 1135 00:39:52,310 --> 00:39:53,800 The danger here. 1136 00:40:06,700 --> 00:40:09,109 Yeah, but I 1137 00:40:09,110 --> 00:40:11,619 thought I'd 1138 00:40:11,620 --> 00:40:12,620 voted for. 1139 00:40:21,420 --> 00:40:23,619 This sukkah is very slow and 1140 00:40:23,620 --> 00:40:25,260 we have a reason why it's so slow. 1141 00:40:26,940 --> 00:40:28,589 We tested it at Bam, it has this bomb 1142 00:40:28,590 --> 00:40:30,419 certification, which is in Germany, we 1143 00:40:30,420 --> 00:40:32,129 say without bam, no boom. 1144 00:40:32,130 --> 00:40:34,739 OK, this is very important. 1145 00:40:34,740 --> 00:40:36,089 You are not allowed to use such 1146 00:40:36,090 --> 00:40:37,739 pyrotechnics without the proper 1147 00:40:37,740 --> 00:40:39,089 registration, everything. 1148 00:40:39,090 --> 00:40:41,219 So Dr. Erkel has the 1149 00:40:41,220 --> 00:40:42,869 certificate to manufacture that kind of 1150 00:40:42,870 --> 00:40:43,870 stuff. 1151 00:40:45,740 --> 00:40:47,159 Of course, as I said, he had problems 1152 00:40:47,160 --> 00:40:48,349 with chlorides, so he switched to 1153 00:40:48,350 --> 00:40:51,439 nitrates and nitrates are also very 1154 00:40:51,440 --> 00:40:52,609 volatile. 1155 00:40:52,610 --> 00:40:54,379 So they tested this motor and they found 1156 00:40:54,380 --> 00:40:57,049 out that the sugar is extremely 1157 00:40:57,050 --> 00:40:57,529 sturdy. 1158 00:40:57,530 --> 00:40:59,789 That is, you can go at it with a hammer, 1159 00:40:59,790 --> 00:41:02,029 you take it to a piece of 1160 00:41:02,030 --> 00:41:03,949 suka, you take a hammer and you can. 1161 00:41:05,070 --> 00:41:07,559 Really, it don't try this with 1162 00:41:07,560 --> 00:41:09,629 any combustible rocket fuel. 1163 00:41:09,630 --> 00:41:11,759 Yeah, but this one is really, really 1164 00:41:11,760 --> 00:41:13,559 very slow. That's why it takes so long 1165 00:41:13,560 --> 00:41:14,649 until it gets started. 1166 00:41:14,650 --> 00:41:16,799 You really need the motor to build 1167 00:41:16,800 --> 00:41:18,869 up the pressure until it goes and 1168 00:41:18,870 --> 00:41:20,469 when it goes, tell you. 1169 00:41:23,040 --> 00:41:25,109 OK, so first of 1170 00:41:25,110 --> 00:41:27,089 all, I will show you the. 1171 00:41:30,290 --> 00:41:31,290 It's. 1172 00:41:32,730 --> 00:41:34,919 This is a test of the ejection system, 1173 00:41:34,920 --> 00:41:37,139 of the recovery system, 1174 00:41:37,140 --> 00:41:39,269 so it will put out the 1175 00:41:39,270 --> 00:41:40,270 parachute. 1176 00:41:41,530 --> 00:41:43,689 So this is in real time, it will be 1177 00:41:43,690 --> 00:41:45,999 slightly fast, so we'll stop 1178 00:41:46,000 --> 00:41:47,000 it when it's out. 1179 00:41:52,840 --> 00:41:53,769 So that was it. 1180 00:41:53,770 --> 00:41:55,899 Yeah. So this happens in midair in 1181 00:41:55,900 --> 00:41:57,999 the highest point, just ejects 1182 00:41:58,000 --> 00:42:00,429 through CO2 and what we see here. 1183 00:42:00,430 --> 00:42:02,469 Well, this is avionics and the here 1184 00:42:02,470 --> 00:42:05,289 connected to a shock band and a Carabine. 1185 00:42:05,290 --> 00:42:06,850 This is a um, 1186 00:42:07,900 --> 00:42:10,269 a drug shoot from a drone 1187 00:42:10,270 --> 00:42:12,309 called Seattle 289, which is very cheap, 1188 00:42:12,310 --> 00:42:14,389 like Tanura, but it's 1189 00:42:14,390 --> 00:42:16,779 of the best materials from it. 1190 00:42:16,780 --> 00:42:19,269 And here down here, you have to be 1191 00:42:19,270 --> 00:42:21,009 the one that got destroyed. 1192 00:42:21,010 --> 00:42:23,359 But one view, another one is 1193 00:42:23,360 --> 00:42:25,419 in the lower section. 1194 00:42:25,420 --> 00:42:27,639 So there is one checkpoint that goes down 1195 00:42:27,640 --> 00:42:29,739 to the lower section and at the proper 1196 00:42:29,740 --> 00:42:31,899 time or height, to be more precise, 1197 00:42:31,900 --> 00:42:34,510 a 400 meters a second pyro. 1198 00:42:35,930 --> 00:42:38,149 Resolves a junction down there 1199 00:42:38,150 --> 00:42:40,219 so the main chute can get 1200 00:42:40,220 --> 00:42:41,220 out the second. 1201 00:42:41,900 --> 00:42:44,149 So this can be shown also in slow 1202 00:42:44,150 --> 00:42:46,369 motion. So you can really appreciate 1203 00:42:46,370 --> 00:42:47,929 what's happening there. 1204 00:42:47,930 --> 00:42:50,209 Please look for the CO2 1205 00:42:50,210 --> 00:42:51,439 snow. 1206 00:42:51,440 --> 00:42:53,629 I think I have to it this is really 1207 00:42:53,630 --> 00:42:54,630 slow. 1208 00:42:55,070 --> 00:42:56,070 Takes a lot of time. 1209 00:43:04,790 --> 00:43:06,559 I think this is a catastrophic one. 1210 00:43:06,560 --> 00:43:07,670 I don't know, I don't remember. 1211 00:43:14,090 --> 00:43:16,939 Just to the end, no. 1212 00:43:16,940 --> 00:43:19,159 OK, so this is what happens 1213 00:43:19,160 --> 00:43:20,160 in slow motion. 1214 00:43:22,230 --> 00:43:23,939 We made a lot of tests and this was one 1215 00:43:23,940 --> 00:43:26,429 very, very spectacular during daytime, 1216 00:43:27,460 --> 00:43:29,369 we did some test you nighttime. 1217 00:43:31,200 --> 00:43:33,359 So this is the launch itself, 1218 00:43:33,360 --> 00:43:34,410 this is slow motion. 1219 00:43:36,590 --> 00:43:38,179 I tell you, this is slow motion, this is 1220 00:43:38,180 --> 00:43:40,369 like half the speed of the real rocket. 1221 00:43:42,130 --> 00:43:43,479 Bye bye. 1222 00:43:43,480 --> 00:43:45,639 And reality is like, where did 1223 00:43:45,640 --> 00:43:46,640 it go? 1224 00:43:47,530 --> 00:43:49,659 Well, it was very funny this day because 1225 00:43:49,660 --> 00:43:51,459 we had we had at the beginning, we had 1226 00:43:51,460 --> 00:43:53,559 blue skies, really nice weather. 1227 00:43:53,560 --> 00:43:55,219 And then the clouds came. 1228 00:43:55,220 --> 00:43:56,679 And our Danish friends from then 1229 00:43:56,680 --> 00:43:58,659 especially, they had also a rocket, a 1230 00:43:58,660 --> 00:44:01,089 little smaller one too small, but 1231 00:44:01,090 --> 00:44:02,949 not that fast. 1232 00:44:02,950 --> 00:44:05,349 And it went into the cloud. 1233 00:44:05,350 --> 00:44:07,239 And in the cloud something happened like 1234 00:44:07,240 --> 00:44:08,259 boom. 1235 00:44:08,260 --> 00:44:10,239 And then on the same trajectory, the 1236 00:44:10,240 --> 00:44:11,240 rocket fell down. 1237 00:44:13,420 --> 00:44:15,509 So as if the cloud would have 1238 00:44:15,510 --> 00:44:17,619 landed up or something. 1239 00:44:17,620 --> 00:44:19,509 And then this one got up and we got nice 1240 00:44:19,510 --> 00:44:21,639 telemetry, but 1241 00:44:21,640 --> 00:44:24,039 it went down and we never found it again 1242 00:44:24,040 --> 00:44:26,349 at that day, at that day. 1243 00:44:26,350 --> 00:44:27,429 So we're a little sad. 1244 00:44:27,430 --> 00:44:29,709 But we had the telemetry, so we were glad 1245 00:44:29,710 --> 00:44:31,869 and sat at the same moment glad because 1246 00:44:31,870 --> 00:44:33,879 finally we could launch the rocket and 1247 00:44:33,880 --> 00:44:35,949 said because we couldn't take it home. 1248 00:44:35,950 --> 00:44:38,289 But two days ago, later when 1249 00:44:38,290 --> 00:44:39,610 we were there on 1250 00:44:40,720 --> 00:44:43,059 Sunday thinking about nothing, email 1251 00:44:43,060 --> 00:44:45,129 came in and said, look what the 1252 00:44:45,130 --> 00:44:46,279 cat dragged in. 1253 00:44:46,280 --> 00:44:48,339 And there are rocket was again, 1254 00:44:48,340 --> 00:44:49,929 it had survived with one view 1255 00:44:51,040 --> 00:44:52,749 and it wasn't in Danish newspapers. 1256 00:44:52,750 --> 00:44:54,909 Everything Rocket found at 1257 00:44:54,910 --> 00:44:55,989 whatever site. 1258 00:44:55,990 --> 00:44:57,459 And we don't know where it comes from. 1259 00:44:59,920 --> 00:45:00,920 Yeah. 1260 00:45:08,130 --> 00:45:10,229 But but the chairman of 1261 00:45:10,230 --> 00:45:12,209 Deacy, he's a journalist. 1262 00:45:12,210 --> 00:45:14,969 No problem is press release was flawless, 1263 00:45:14,970 --> 00:45:17,069 flawless anyway. 1264 00:45:17,070 --> 00:45:19,259 So that's what we have been 1265 00:45:19,260 --> 00:45:20,219 doing now. 1266 00:45:20,220 --> 00:45:22,409 We will try to 1267 00:45:22,410 --> 00:45:24,359 to revisit the Yagoona four, which is now 1268 00:45:24,360 --> 00:45:26,429 in Denmark using a dart to 1269 00:45:26,430 --> 00:45:28,259 go even higher. 1270 00:45:28,260 --> 00:45:29,669 This one reached six point five 1271 00:45:29,670 --> 00:45:30,989 kilometers. 1272 00:45:30,990 --> 00:45:32,549 I could show you all the telemetry, but 1273 00:45:32,550 --> 00:45:34,629 it's not really very interesting and 1274 00:45:34,630 --> 00:45:36,059 takes a lot of time. But if somebody is 1275 00:45:36,060 --> 00:45:38,999 interested, please ask me 1276 00:45:39,000 --> 00:45:40,539 and this will be our next rocket. 1277 00:45:40,540 --> 00:45:42,839 OK, there are links, but this is like 1278 00:45:42,840 --> 00:45:45,299 the same length as like 4.5 1279 00:45:45,300 --> 00:45:47,639 meters, but like 30 1280 00:45:47,640 --> 00:45:48,629 centimeters diameter. 1281 00:45:48,630 --> 00:45:50,189 So 20 to 30 centimeters. 1282 00:45:50,190 --> 00:45:51,419 It's called Yagoona five. 1283 00:45:51,420 --> 00:45:53,459 And we have already a mock up, not a fly 1284 00:45:53,460 --> 00:45:54,899 in version in the sense that it will go 1285 00:45:54,900 --> 00:45:57,119 like 50 kilometers high, but a mock 1286 00:45:57,120 --> 00:45:58,709 up that will go up to about two 1287 00:45:58,710 --> 00:46:00,569 kilometers just to test everything, 1288 00:46:00,570 --> 00:46:01,770 aerodynamics and so on. 1289 00:46:02,980 --> 00:46:05,279 OK, so that's for today. 1290 00:46:05,280 --> 00:46:07,199 Please, if you have questions. 1291 00:46:16,150 --> 00:46:18,119 David and John, thank you very much for 1292 00:46:18,120 --> 00:46:20,579 this very, very impressive speech. 1293 00:46:20,580 --> 00:46:22,139 So now we have questions, answers. 1294 00:46:22,140 --> 00:46:23,119 We have 10 minutes. 1295 00:46:23,120 --> 00:46:25,259 So please line up behind the microphones. 1296 00:46:25,260 --> 00:46:26,819 We have three over here and three over 1297 00:46:26,820 --> 00:46:27,839 here. 1298 00:46:27,840 --> 00:46:29,189 Why are you lining up? 1299 00:46:29,190 --> 00:46:31,319 So any questions from the IOC? 1300 00:46:31,320 --> 00:46:32,509 Yes. 1301 00:46:32,510 --> 00:46:34,619 Um, one question was, are 1302 00:46:34,620 --> 00:46:36,389 there any restrictions or 1303 00:46:37,410 --> 00:46:39,809 on height or the 1304 00:46:39,810 --> 00:46:41,999 size of a rocket that you can launch 1305 00:46:42,000 --> 00:46:44,099 in your backyard or anything? 1306 00:46:44,100 --> 00:46:46,289 Or are you restricted and it 1307 00:46:46,290 --> 00:46:47,290 is forbidden? 1308 00:46:48,330 --> 00:46:50,039 Are there any restrictions? 1309 00:46:50,040 --> 00:46:51,040 Well, 1310 00:46:53,400 --> 00:46:54,660 how can I put this? 1311 00:46:56,310 --> 00:46:57,310 We are in Germany. 1312 00:47:05,010 --> 00:47:08,099 Actually, we have been trying to 1313 00:47:08,100 --> 00:47:10,709 launch rockets from a military 1314 00:47:10,710 --> 00:47:13,199 ground since 2006, 1315 00:47:13,200 --> 00:47:15,389 which is now let me see well, wait 1316 00:47:15,390 --> 00:47:18,209 eight years and they 1317 00:47:18,210 --> 00:47:20,339 granted it is on 8th of December 1318 00:47:20,340 --> 00:47:22,739 of this year to launch two rockets. 1319 00:47:22,740 --> 00:47:24,419 So we launch rockets and bomb, although 1320 00:47:24,420 --> 00:47:26,279 you may have been reading it otherwise. 1321 00:47:26,280 --> 00:47:27,629 Google it. Baumholder fire. 1322 00:47:27,630 --> 00:47:29,219 You will find it. 1323 00:47:29,220 --> 00:47:31,099 And yes, there are a lot of restrictions. 1324 00:47:31,100 --> 00:47:33,059 We had 31 restrictions to launch in a 1325 00:47:33,060 --> 00:47:34,619 military place. 1326 00:47:34,620 --> 00:47:36,329 So think about launching it in your 1327 00:47:36,330 --> 00:47:37,330 backyard. 1328 00:47:38,460 --> 00:47:40,529 Of course, if you go to Denmark, 1329 00:47:40,530 --> 00:47:42,449 it's a totally different matter. 1330 00:47:42,450 --> 00:47:44,339 They just ask you, is this a rocket? 1331 00:47:44,340 --> 00:47:46,739 Yeah, OK. 1332 00:47:48,540 --> 00:47:50,669 And don't leave the space, OK? 1333 00:47:51,690 --> 00:47:53,489 So it's much, much, much easier. 1334 00:47:53,490 --> 00:47:55,649 But of course, the bigger 1335 00:47:55,650 --> 00:47:57,599 the rockets get, I mean, the rockets, he 1336 00:47:57,600 --> 00:47:59,659 just one, two and three. 1337 00:47:59,660 --> 00:48:01,349 And they're really model rockets. 1338 00:48:01,350 --> 00:48:02,999 I mean they look like big rockets, but 1339 00:48:03,000 --> 00:48:04,889 they only fly up to 2.5 kilometers. 1340 00:48:04,890 --> 00:48:06,209 This is still a model rocket. 1341 00:48:06,210 --> 00:48:08,459 Yeah. Lagoona, for something totally 1342 00:48:08,460 --> 00:48:10,799 different. I remember this Danish woman 1343 00:48:10,800 --> 00:48:13,019 standing there first, having 1344 00:48:13,020 --> 00:48:14,579 watched her own rocket and then the 1345 00:48:14,580 --> 00:48:15,479 second one. 1346 00:48:15,480 --> 00:48:18,239 And she said without thinking, wow, 1347 00:48:18,240 --> 00:48:19,240 that's a real rocket. 1348 00:48:21,270 --> 00:48:22,469 That made me very happy. 1349 00:48:22,470 --> 00:48:24,779 Anyway, I did ask 1350 00:48:24,780 --> 00:48:26,219 this question fully answered. 1351 00:48:28,900 --> 00:48:30,929 Yeah, OK, thank you, David. 1352 00:48:30,930 --> 00:48:32,110 Gentleman number two, please. 1353 00:48:33,220 --> 00:48:35,319 OK, first, you 1354 00:48:35,320 --> 00:48:37,509 asked in the beginning for for 1355 00:48:37,510 --> 00:48:39,039 further reasons to go to space. 1356 00:48:39,040 --> 00:48:41,769 And I came up as one, actually, 1357 00:48:41,770 --> 00:48:44,169 because you maneater earlier 1358 00:48:44,170 --> 00:48:46,059 or Rahzel Hopley later. 1359 00:48:47,710 --> 00:48:49,900 But my real question is 1360 00:48:51,190 --> 00:48:54,219 some technical details about the rocket. 1361 00:48:54,220 --> 00:48:56,079 You mentioned it right now. 1362 00:48:56,080 --> 00:48:58,419 It's rather a model rocket 1363 00:48:58,420 --> 00:49:00,759 and it doesn't really go to space 1364 00:49:00,760 --> 00:49:01,760 yet. 1365 00:49:02,770 --> 00:49:04,839 And I'm wondering, you know, 1366 00:49:04,840 --> 00:49:06,639 what the next steps are, especially 1367 00:49:06,640 --> 00:49:08,889 because I guess 1368 00:49:08,890 --> 00:49:10,719 you will not get into space with sugar 1369 00:49:10,720 --> 00:49:11,979 alone. 1370 00:49:11,980 --> 00:49:14,169 Well, we don't want 1371 00:49:14,170 --> 00:49:15,999 to, but there are people there's a 1372 00:49:16,000 --> 00:49:18,649 project called Sugar Shot to space 1373 00:49:18,650 --> 00:49:20,799 as to as they really 1374 00:49:20,800 --> 00:49:22,719 try it. But they have a problem because, 1375 00:49:22,720 --> 00:49:24,969 Candy, this is sugar 1376 00:49:24,970 --> 00:49:27,159 propellant has one drawback. 1377 00:49:27,160 --> 00:49:29,079 It's edible, but has one whaleback. 1378 00:49:29,080 --> 00:49:30,969 Uh, it's brittle. 1379 00:49:30,970 --> 00:49:33,159 So if you make large grains, let 1380 00:49:33,160 --> 00:49:35,469 about 12 centimeters diameter starts 1381 00:49:35,470 --> 00:49:37,599 the problem, start that when you start 1382 00:49:37,600 --> 00:49:39,699 up the engine and the pressure peak 1383 00:49:39,700 --> 00:49:41,769 comes up, then some of the grains 1384 00:49:41,770 --> 00:49:42,609 may break. 1385 00:49:42,610 --> 00:49:44,799 And if a grain break, that means that the 1386 00:49:44,800 --> 00:49:47,239 area, the burning area will 1387 00:49:47,240 --> 00:49:49,539 very, very fast, which will produce 1388 00:49:49,540 --> 00:49:51,759 a pressure spike, which will make 1389 00:49:51,760 --> 00:49:53,439 a faster reaction, which will produce 1390 00:49:53,440 --> 00:49:55,190 more pressure. Will you get it? 1391 00:49:56,740 --> 00:49:58,869 OK, the next question is, you 1392 00:49:58,870 --> 00:50:00,849 mentioned the price 1393 00:50:02,110 --> 00:50:04,429 of euros and I wondered 1394 00:50:04,430 --> 00:50:06,699 what the maximum weight is 1395 00:50:06,700 --> 00:50:08,499 you can transport up to. 1396 00:50:08,500 --> 00:50:10,629 But what are 1397 00:50:10,630 --> 00:50:13,029 good enough for you mentioned 1398 00:50:13,030 --> 00:50:14,919 will go 10 kilometers high. 1399 00:50:14,920 --> 00:50:16,809 What's the payload you can transport out? 1400 00:50:16,810 --> 00:50:18,549 Yeah, we we are we are aiming for. 1401 00:50:18,550 --> 00:50:20,799 The thing is, the rocket is really, 1402 00:50:20,800 --> 00:50:21,699 really heavy. 1403 00:50:21,700 --> 00:50:23,649 Now we make it that heavy because we 1404 00:50:23,650 --> 00:50:24,549 cannot go that high. 1405 00:50:24,550 --> 00:50:26,739 So last time we had 30000 feet, which 1406 00:50:26,740 --> 00:50:27,999 is approximately nine point one 1407 00:50:28,000 --> 00:50:30,399 kilometers of ceiling. 1408 00:50:30,400 --> 00:50:32,619 So we didn't want to 1409 00:50:32,620 --> 00:50:33,790 make a very 1410 00:50:35,290 --> 00:50:37,959 agile rocket, very, very 1411 00:50:37,960 --> 00:50:39,129 high going rocket. 1412 00:50:39,130 --> 00:50:40,989 And so we were happy that it stayed below 1413 00:50:40,990 --> 00:50:42,939 seven kilometers as you have to have some 1414 00:50:42,940 --> 00:50:44,349 margin. Otherwise they don't believe you 1415 00:50:44,350 --> 00:50:46,179 that you really know. 1416 00:50:46,180 --> 00:50:48,309 Anyway, we could transport like 1417 00:50:48,310 --> 00:50:50,199 five kilos or so at the moment. 1418 00:50:50,200 --> 00:50:51,519 Of course, there's not enough space 1419 00:50:51,520 --> 00:50:53,169 unless you put it in steel or something. 1420 00:50:53,170 --> 00:50:55,269 So something like two kg is 1421 00:50:55,270 --> 00:50:56,259 more realistic. 1422 00:50:56,260 --> 00:50:58,329 Yeah, that's totally enough for a lot 1423 00:50:58,330 --> 00:50:59,330 of avionics. 1424 00:51:00,380 --> 00:51:02,109 OK, and my last question is about 1425 00:51:02,110 --> 00:51:03,169 testing. 1426 00:51:03,170 --> 00:51:05,449 I mean, it's quite difficult to test 1427 00:51:05,450 --> 00:51:08,259 the software which goes there 1428 00:51:08,260 --> 00:51:10,329 if it is 1429 00:51:10,330 --> 00:51:12,699 expected to experience in excess 1430 00:51:12,700 --> 00:51:14,979 of, what, 40 G's of 1431 00:51:14,980 --> 00:51:16,239 acceleration. 1432 00:51:16,240 --> 00:51:18,549 I guess you do not test this in the lab 1433 00:51:18,550 --> 00:51:19,899 before. 1434 00:51:19,900 --> 00:51:21,880 Well, yes, you can test it. 1435 00:51:24,400 --> 00:51:25,899 It has more than 40 years when it hits 1436 00:51:25,900 --> 00:51:26,900 the ground. 1437 00:51:28,150 --> 00:51:30,429 Try it, OK, but it's not 1438 00:51:30,430 --> 00:51:31,209 OK. 1439 00:51:31,210 --> 00:51:32,210 Probably. 1440 00:51:33,520 --> 00:51:35,079 OK, David. Thank you, gentlemen. 1441 00:51:35,080 --> 00:51:36,499 Number one, please. 1442 00:51:36,500 --> 00:51:37,419 Yes. 1443 00:51:37,420 --> 00:51:39,039 And couple space program alone launch. 1444 00:51:39,040 --> 00:51:40,839 You need some kind of control for the 1445 00:51:40,840 --> 00:51:42,999 rocket so it doesn't veer off. 1446 00:51:43,000 --> 00:51:45,339 Did I miss that part or can you explain 1447 00:51:45,340 --> 00:51:47,589 how your control, which is still 1448 00:51:47,590 --> 00:51:48,879 on the market? 1449 00:51:48,880 --> 00:51:50,529 Uh, yeah. 1450 00:51:50,530 --> 00:51:52,269 Control and control. 1451 00:51:52,270 --> 00:51:53,709 Well, we would like to control it. 1452 00:51:53,710 --> 00:51:54,710 The problem is that. 1453 00:52:01,330 --> 00:52:04,299 As I said, keep it simple, stupid. 1454 00:52:04,300 --> 00:52:06,329 So at the moment, no control, 1455 00:52:07,750 --> 00:52:09,849 of course, the rocket is stable and 1456 00:52:09,850 --> 00:52:11,419 so it doesn't go anywhere. 1457 00:52:11,420 --> 00:52:14,109 We don't want to, but it's passively 1458 00:52:14,110 --> 00:52:15,609 controlled on this trajectory. 1459 00:52:15,610 --> 00:52:17,949 So you once put the ramp 1460 00:52:17,950 --> 00:52:20,499 up and you aim for the direction 1461 00:52:20,500 --> 00:52:22,119 and that's it. And because they 1462 00:52:22,120 --> 00:52:24,639 accelerate so fast, they are immediately 1463 00:52:24,640 --> 00:52:25,419 stable. 1464 00:52:25,420 --> 00:52:27,489 And the the 1465 00:52:28,810 --> 00:52:31,209 momentum court 1466 00:52:31,210 --> 00:52:33,229 is like half a meter. 1467 00:52:33,230 --> 00:52:34,659 So there is absolutely no motion. 1468 00:52:34,660 --> 00:52:36,300 It's like a straight arrow. 1469 00:52:37,450 --> 00:52:39,189 And of course, we would like to control 1470 00:52:39,190 --> 00:52:40,929 it. But what's the point at the moment? 1471 00:52:40,930 --> 00:52:42,069 At the moment, there's no point because 1472 00:52:42,070 --> 00:52:43,959 we have we have solid rocket motor 1473 00:52:43,960 --> 00:52:45,399 separation in three seconds. 1474 00:52:45,400 --> 00:52:47,199 So after that, what do you want to 1475 00:52:47,200 --> 00:52:48,200 control? 1476 00:52:50,230 --> 00:52:51,699 No more. No motor burning anymore. 1477 00:52:51,700 --> 00:52:53,889 It's another thing if you have hybrids 1478 00:52:53,890 --> 00:52:56,079 which accelerate with like only 2G 1479 00:52:56,080 --> 00:52:58,209 or even lower, then your rocket 1480 00:52:58,210 --> 00:53:00,279 is totally unstable and you need control 1481 00:53:00,280 --> 00:53:01,449 and there's no way around it. 1482 00:53:01,450 --> 00:53:04,389 So what we will do is take this 1483 00:53:04,390 --> 00:53:07,599 very nice omoto, propel 1484 00:53:07,600 --> 00:53:10,389 it to 30 G's, up to 1485 00:53:10,390 --> 00:53:12,489 one point seven max, and then put 1486 00:53:12,490 --> 00:53:14,649 a little dot on top with 1487 00:53:14,650 --> 00:53:15,579 a little hybrid motor. 1488 00:53:15,580 --> 00:53:17,109 So it's stable. 1489 00:53:17,110 --> 00:53:19,389 Yeah. So we can go up to 10 to 20 1490 00:53:19,390 --> 00:53:21,559 kilometers without new technology or 1491 00:53:21,560 --> 00:53:22,900 almost no New Hampshire. 1492 00:53:24,280 --> 00:53:24,729 Thank you. 1493 00:53:24,730 --> 00:53:27,429 Number two, please, um, 1494 00:53:27,430 --> 00:53:29,679 you maintain that there are laws 1495 00:53:29,680 --> 00:53:32,139 in Germany. Uh, you said without 1496 00:53:32,140 --> 00:53:34,959 them, no boom or something. 1497 00:53:34,960 --> 00:53:37,389 If you build hybrid motors, 1498 00:53:37,390 --> 00:53:40,089 are there restrictions to or 1499 00:53:40,090 --> 00:53:41,559 how does it work in Germany? 1500 00:53:46,010 --> 00:53:47,010 Down restrictions, 1501 00:53:48,380 --> 00:53:49,380 yes. 1502 00:53:56,080 --> 00:53:57,100 Anything from Iasi? 1503 00:53:59,240 --> 00:54:00,860 OK, number two, please. 1504 00:54:02,320 --> 00:54:04,389 I've seen people using 1505 00:54:04,390 --> 00:54:07,659 balloons to do measurements 1506 00:54:07,660 --> 00:54:09,849 that sounds a lot cheaper and 1507 00:54:09,850 --> 00:54:10,869 easier. 1508 00:54:10,870 --> 00:54:12,609 It's a lot less spectacular. 1509 00:54:12,610 --> 00:54:14,650 But why aren't you using them? 1510 00:54:15,820 --> 00:54:16,719 That's the point. 1511 00:54:16,720 --> 00:54:18,579 At some point, it's less spectacular. 1512 00:54:18,580 --> 00:54:19,590 No one. No one. 1513 00:54:24,310 --> 00:54:26,379 And the 1514 00:54:26,380 --> 00:54:28,659 thing is, of course, balloons are very 1515 00:54:28,660 --> 00:54:30,879 easy to get like to 30 to 40 kilometers 1516 00:54:30,880 --> 00:54:31,839 of height. That's true. 1517 00:54:31,840 --> 00:54:33,789 And if you really want to just go up to 1518 00:54:33,790 --> 00:54:36,789 this height, use balloons is OK. 1519 00:54:36,790 --> 00:54:38,859 The thing is, don't expect it to come 1520 00:54:38,860 --> 00:54:40,839 back, number one, or it's really 1521 00:54:40,840 --> 00:54:42,369 difficult to get it back. 1522 00:54:42,370 --> 00:54:44,019 OK, rockets are sometimes also difficult 1523 00:54:44,020 --> 00:54:45,020 to locate. I know 1524 00:54:46,510 --> 00:54:48,699 we have lost some of them on on, 1525 00:54:48,700 --> 00:54:50,679 but we always found them in the end, like 1526 00:54:50,680 --> 00:54:52,059 a few weeks later or so. 1527 00:54:53,450 --> 00:54:55,149 So balloons are a nice thing and we 1528 00:54:55,150 --> 00:54:56,949 wanted to do it, but we just hadn't had 1529 00:54:56,950 --> 00:54:58,809 the time. It's all you can use balloons. 1530 00:54:58,810 --> 00:54:59,799 No problem at all. 1531 00:54:59,800 --> 00:55:01,539 But don't expect to go to 100 kilometers 1532 00:55:01,540 --> 00:55:03,869 of possible in the long run. 1533 00:55:03,870 --> 00:55:05,229 Yeah, but balloons are a nice thing 1534 00:55:06,550 --> 00:55:08,049 unless you want to launch rockets from 1535 00:55:08,050 --> 00:55:10,469 balloons, which I don't recommend. 1536 00:55:13,060 --> 00:55:14,559 Number one, please. 1537 00:55:14,560 --> 00:55:16,689 Once you get the sensors up to the 1538 00:55:16,690 --> 00:55:18,219 height that you want, you're only going 1539 00:55:18,220 --> 00:55:20,079 to get if you don't have anything to keep 1540 00:55:20,080 --> 00:55:22,299 them there, one or two seconds at most 1541 00:55:22,300 --> 00:55:24,129 of readings. 1542 00:55:24,130 --> 00:55:26,209 Can you comment on it? 1543 00:55:26,210 --> 00:55:27,759 Are you really you need to have a sensor 1544 00:55:27,760 --> 00:55:29,619 that is far enough with a separate of, 1545 00:55:29,620 --> 00:55:31,569 let's say, 10 years or so. 1546 00:55:31,570 --> 00:55:33,099 What happened is two or three seconds, 1547 00:55:33,100 --> 00:55:34,689 like 20 to 30 datapoints. 1548 00:55:34,690 --> 00:55:35,690 What do you need more? 1549 00:55:36,800 --> 00:55:38,389 I mean, how long do you want to stay up 1550 00:55:38,390 --> 00:55:40,429 there, take a balloon if you want to stay 1551 00:55:40,430 --> 00:55:41,430 up there longer? 1552 00:55:47,170 --> 00:55:48,159 It's a valid point. 1553 00:55:48,160 --> 00:55:49,779 The thing is, the thing is using a 1554 00:55:49,780 --> 00:55:52,179 rocket, you get to profile an almost 1555 00:55:52,180 --> 00:55:55,149 instantaneous profile of all the 1556 00:55:55,150 --> 00:55:57,279 observers from the ground 1557 00:55:57,280 --> 00:55:59,349 to the top fast with 1558 00:55:59,350 --> 00:56:01,689 a balloon, you take several minutes 1559 00:56:01,690 --> 00:56:03,279 to half an hour to get through all of 1560 00:56:03,280 --> 00:56:05,769 this and you'll get it twice up 1561 00:56:05,770 --> 00:56:06,770 and down. 1562 00:56:09,720 --> 00:56:11,039 Yes, sure. 1563 00:56:11,040 --> 00:56:13,139 Well, there's one more thing, the 1564 00:56:13,140 --> 00:56:15,269 delivery of the device is very, very 1565 00:56:15,270 --> 00:56:16,169 precise. 1566 00:56:16,170 --> 00:56:17,819 So if you have a particular Cloudland, 1567 00:56:17,820 --> 00:56:19,529 for example, you want to investigate it 1568 00:56:19,530 --> 00:56:21,449 and you will not use a balloon because 1569 00:56:21,450 --> 00:56:22,949 the crosswinds may drive the balloon 1570 00:56:22,950 --> 00:56:24,869 somewhere else, somewhere far away from 1571 00:56:24,870 --> 00:56:26,459 your cloud or somewhere far away from 1572 00:56:26,460 --> 00:56:28,169 your Hollywood. So you lose a rocket 1573 00:56:28,170 --> 00:56:30,329 which will directly deliver your device 1574 00:56:30,330 --> 00:56:32,069 where I want it to be. 1575 00:56:32,070 --> 00:56:34,139 Yeah, OK, thank 1576 00:56:34,140 --> 00:56:35,909 you. Number two, please. 1577 00:56:35,910 --> 00:56:38,039 Yes. If you use GPS with 1578 00:56:38,040 --> 00:56:40,319 your rockets, does juridically 1579 00:56:40,320 --> 00:56:41,789 maintain a lock on the signal? 1580 00:56:41,790 --> 00:56:43,859 Oh, that's a 1581 00:56:43,860 --> 00:56:45,879 real problem with Yagoona. 1582 00:56:45,880 --> 00:56:46,880 I didn't tell you. 1583 00:56:48,120 --> 00:56:50,819 The thing is that the Yagoona for 1584 00:56:50,820 --> 00:56:53,069 was a full metal jacket, so no GPS 1585 00:56:53,070 --> 00:56:55,229 receiving and it 1586 00:56:55,230 --> 00:56:57,509 went up to six point five kilometers. 1587 00:56:57,510 --> 00:56:59,609 And we anticipate it to go up to like 1588 00:56:59,610 --> 00:57:01,139 seven point five ish. 1589 00:57:01,140 --> 00:57:03,329 But it didn't because the 1590 00:57:03,330 --> 00:57:04,949 drag was higher than anticipated. 1591 00:57:04,950 --> 00:57:06,299 But that's why you do the flight, right? 1592 00:57:06,300 --> 00:57:07,469 You don't know everything I wrote. 1593 00:57:07,470 --> 00:57:08,819 And it's a really complicated, especially 1594 00:57:08,820 --> 00:57:10,489 with such a strange rocket. 1595 00:57:10,490 --> 00:57:12,689 It's very, very strange 1596 00:57:12,690 --> 00:57:15,659 ratio of length to diameter 1597 00:57:15,660 --> 00:57:16,660 and. 1598 00:57:17,830 --> 00:57:20,319 So the GPS receiver was inside 1599 00:57:20,320 --> 00:57:21,939 this full metal jacket, so no signal at 1600 00:57:21,940 --> 00:57:24,039 all, and our idea was while it 1601 00:57:24,040 --> 00:57:25,989 comes down, we will find a fix because we 1602 00:57:25,990 --> 00:57:28,059 had had three minutes to get a 1603 00:57:28,060 --> 00:57:29,379 fix. 1604 00:57:29,380 --> 00:57:31,479 OK. In theory, the 1605 00:57:31,480 --> 00:57:33,699 problem was that when it opened, it 1606 00:57:33,700 --> 00:57:36,069 opened like 10 seconds too late because 1607 00:57:36,070 --> 00:57:38,319 somehow we don't know why the avionics to 1608 00:57:38,320 --> 00:57:40,389 avionics computer did not detect 1609 00:57:40,390 --> 00:57:41,739 the highest point. 1610 00:57:41,740 --> 00:57:43,299 This is a software problem. 1611 00:57:43,300 --> 00:57:45,669 We are not responsible because this stuff 1612 00:57:45,670 --> 00:57:46,999 was bought. 1613 00:57:47,000 --> 00:57:49,209 OK, so it 1614 00:57:49,210 --> 00:57:51,429 was the only the only equipment that was 1615 00:57:51,430 --> 00:57:52,869 not made in-house, OK? 1616 00:57:52,870 --> 00:57:54,759 And it failed. So we have learned that 1617 00:57:54,760 --> 00:57:56,889 lessons we will make our own 1618 00:57:56,890 --> 00:57:58,599 avionics for next time anyway. 1619 00:57:58,600 --> 00:58:00,189 It felt like for 10 seconds. 1620 00:58:00,190 --> 00:58:02,079 And you can imagine if you let something 1621 00:58:02,080 --> 00:58:04,719 fall for 10 seconds, it has like 360 1622 00:58:04,720 --> 00:58:06,819 kilometers per hour and then 1623 00:58:06,820 --> 00:58:08,949 it opens like you saw there in 1624 00:58:08,950 --> 00:58:09,999 mid-air. 1625 00:58:10,000 --> 00:58:11,769 And the parachute, the drug trade was 1626 00:58:11,770 --> 00:58:14,079 especially designed for such a case. 1627 00:58:14,080 --> 00:58:15,639 Otherwise it was just ripped into a 1628 00:58:15,640 --> 00:58:17,529 thousand pieces. So it just ripped at one 1629 00:58:17,530 --> 00:58:18,530 point 1630 00:58:21,040 --> 00:58:23,679 and the rocket fell faster than expected. 1631 00:58:23,680 --> 00:58:25,809 So after 120 seconds 1632 00:58:25,810 --> 00:58:27,999 of full telemetry and 1633 00:58:28,000 --> 00:58:30,069 the first fix showing up 1634 00:58:30,070 --> 00:58:32,139 because we saw the time it 1635 00:58:32,140 --> 00:58:34,329 fell into the water, so we 1636 00:58:34,330 --> 00:58:36,429 had no data. But in principle, if 1637 00:58:36,430 --> 00:58:38,829 you put on a fiberglass reddam 1638 00:58:38,830 --> 00:58:41,079 from the beginning, what we do next time, 1639 00:58:41,080 --> 00:58:43,389 then you will get to fix, 1640 00:58:43,390 --> 00:58:45,939 at least during the time he recovers 1641 00:58:45,940 --> 00:58:47,329 from this very fast. 1642 00:58:47,330 --> 00:58:48,639 And because, of course, this is beyond 1643 00:58:48,640 --> 00:58:51,249 the parameters of normal GPS systems, 1644 00:58:51,250 --> 00:58:53,619 there are people that have 1645 00:58:54,730 --> 00:58:55,689 picked up. 1646 00:58:55,690 --> 00:58:57,639 Some may be sitting here in the room. 1647 00:58:57,640 --> 00:58:58,539 Yeah, yeah. 1648 00:58:58,540 --> 00:59:01,029 If somebody thinks about this, 1649 00:59:01,030 --> 00:59:02,559 come to us. 1650 00:59:02,560 --> 00:59:04,359 Really interesting device. 1651 00:59:04,360 --> 00:59:06,489 I think it was some question from AC 1652 00:59:06,490 --> 00:59:08,589 yet or another question. 1653 00:59:08,590 --> 00:59:10,689 What are your problems 1654 00:59:10,690 --> 00:59:13,269 or points against using, 1655 00:59:13,270 --> 00:59:16,029 uh, the balloons 1656 00:59:16,030 --> 00:59:18,049 instead of the rockets? 1657 00:59:18,050 --> 00:59:20,589 No, no, I have no points against 1658 00:59:20,590 --> 00:59:23,259 using balloons instead of rockets. 1659 00:59:23,260 --> 00:59:25,099 They are just totally different. 1660 00:59:25,100 --> 00:59:27,219 The one is very pointy 1661 00:59:27,220 --> 00:59:28,749 and the one is very round and the one 1662 00:59:28,750 --> 00:59:29,919 goes very fast. 1663 00:59:29,920 --> 00:59:30,920 Very slow. 1664 00:59:31,720 --> 00:59:34,509 Yeah, I have only one problem 1665 00:59:34,510 --> 00:59:36,969 launching rockets from balloons because 1666 00:59:36,970 --> 00:59:39,119 pointy and round no good. 1667 00:59:39,120 --> 00:59:41,479 OK, OK, 1668 00:59:41,480 --> 00:59:43,089 three more questions. So we start over 1669 00:59:43,090 --> 00:59:44,090 there, number one. 1670 00:59:45,360 --> 00:59:47,519 You spoke about sensors, maybe 1671 00:59:47,520 --> 00:59:50,039 I didn't get it, but could you please 1672 00:59:50,040 --> 00:59:51,389 explain a little bit more about the 1673 00:59:51,390 --> 00:59:53,249 sensors? Are you using and what do you do 1674 00:59:53,250 --> 00:59:54,239 with the data? 1675 00:59:54,240 --> 00:59:56,699 And maybe you can especially comment on 1676 00:59:56,700 --> 00:59:58,649 whether you thought about plugging a 1677 00:59:58,650 --> 01:00:00,209 camera on your rocket. 1678 01:00:00,210 --> 01:00:03,129 What was the last part of a camera? 1679 01:00:03,130 --> 01:00:05,159 Yeah, yeah. We had a camera. 1680 01:00:05,160 --> 01:00:06,160 It was lost. 1681 01:00:12,230 --> 01:00:13,979 It was lost during integration, it's 1682 01:00:13,980 --> 01:00:15,780 worse as well as we had the camera there. 1683 01:00:17,220 --> 01:00:18,869 We had the space there and the avionics 1684 01:00:18,870 --> 01:00:21,209 bay and we don't know exactly 1685 01:00:21,210 --> 01:00:23,189 what happened. Somehow the USB connector 1686 01:00:23,190 --> 01:00:24,959 got loose and it was destroyed. 1687 01:00:24,960 --> 01:00:26,939 We tried everything to revive it, but it 1688 01:00:26,940 --> 01:00:28,319 was dead and we couldn't get a new one 1689 01:00:28,320 --> 01:00:29,969 because of that. 1690 01:00:29,970 --> 01:00:32,139 Do you have a movie of that 1691 01:00:32,140 --> 01:00:35,069 of the destruction of the camera camera 1692 01:00:35,070 --> 01:00:37,139 so that the camera film until 1693 01:00:37,140 --> 01:00:38,039 its end? 1694 01:00:38,040 --> 01:00:39,149 No, no, no, no. 1695 01:00:39,150 --> 01:00:41,609 Before the launch, during integration, 1696 01:00:41,610 --> 01:00:44,099 the camera was destroyed by integrating 1697 01:00:44,100 --> 01:00:45,100 it. 1698 01:00:47,060 --> 01:00:48,769 So we now know that we need to backup 1699 01:00:48,770 --> 01:00:49,770 camera. OK. 1700 01:00:51,020 --> 01:00:51,889 OK. 1701 01:00:51,890 --> 01:00:53,929 But the question of the sensors is, of 1702 01:00:53,930 --> 01:00:56,059 course, interesting. 1703 01:00:56,060 --> 01:00:57,859 We use inertial measurement sensors, 1704 01:00:57,860 --> 01:01:00,199 which are totally common nowadays. 1705 01:01:00,200 --> 01:01:03,229 You can buy them like 10 degree, 1706 01:01:03,230 --> 01:01:05,479 ten degree of freedom, sense of boards on 1707 01:01:05,480 --> 01:01:07,189 the Internet for like 15 euros where you 1708 01:01:07,190 --> 01:01:09,469 have a gyroscope 1709 01:01:09,470 --> 01:01:11,960 with all free access, the accelerometer 1710 01:01:13,640 --> 01:01:15,530 and the barometer. 1711 01:01:16,930 --> 01:01:19,179 And we also use a module which 1712 01:01:19,180 --> 01:01:21,309 goes up to 24 G, all three axis 1713 01:01:21,310 --> 01:01:23,529 additionally, so 1714 01:01:23,530 --> 01:01:25,659 you can you can follow the trajectory of 1715 01:01:25,660 --> 01:01:27,399 of the rocket. And this was what was on 1716 01:01:27,400 --> 01:01:28,599 board. And of course, the most important 1717 01:01:28,600 --> 01:01:30,039 thing for the height is the barometric 1718 01:01:30,040 --> 01:01:32,199 sensor, which was about a 1719 01:01:32,200 --> 01:01:34,809 180 of Bush, which has calibration 1720 01:01:34,810 --> 01:01:35,829 on board and everything. 1721 01:01:35,830 --> 01:01:37,899 Very nice temperature compensation 1722 01:01:37,900 --> 01:01:38,859 and extremely cheap. 1723 01:01:38,860 --> 01:01:40,959 So there other sensors, too, but 1724 01:01:40,960 --> 01:01:42,369 they are so cheap today. 1725 01:01:42,370 --> 01:01:44,979 It's just no comparison 1726 01:01:44,980 --> 01:01:47,049 to like 10 years ago where you really 1727 01:01:47,050 --> 01:01:49,209 had to make a bridge and very 1728 01:01:49,210 --> 01:01:51,429 high sophisticated 24, 1729 01:01:51,430 --> 01:01:52,539 82 or whatever. 1730 01:01:52,540 --> 01:01:54,609 Yeah, it's very, very cheap today. 1731 01:01:54,610 --> 01:01:56,949 So we had just trajectory 1732 01:01:56,950 --> 01:01:59,139 measurements, inertial measurements and 1733 01:01:59,140 --> 01:02:00,309 the pressure. 1734 01:02:00,310 --> 01:02:02,589 And we wanted to do also measurements 1735 01:02:02,590 --> 01:02:04,149 of the temperature on the tip. 1736 01:02:04,150 --> 01:02:05,949 But that didn't work out because we had 1737 01:02:05,950 --> 01:02:06,999 the problem with the antenna, which 1738 01:02:07,000 --> 01:02:08,529 changes, and there was a temperature on 1739 01:02:08,530 --> 01:02:10,069 the tip because that would you would have 1740 01:02:10,070 --> 01:02:11,529 to stagnation temperature. 1741 01:02:11,530 --> 01:02:13,359 And from that you can also deduce the 1742 01:02:13,360 --> 01:02:15,489 speed of the rocket relative to 1743 01:02:15,490 --> 01:02:16,569 the atmosphere. 1744 01:02:16,570 --> 01:02:17,949 Yeah. So these are the typical 1745 01:02:17,950 --> 01:02:19,389 observables that we use at the beginning. 1746 01:02:19,390 --> 01:02:21,309 And of course, later on we want to use 1747 01:02:21,310 --> 01:02:23,530 more mature meteorological observables. 1748 01:02:28,850 --> 01:02:31,969 And so you are 1749 01:02:31,970 --> 01:02:35,149 storing the data of that census 1750 01:02:35,150 --> 01:02:36,009 on site. 1751 01:02:36,010 --> 01:02:38,149 What luckily we didn't, otherwise 1752 01:02:38,150 --> 01:02:39,530 we wouldn't have had one by it. 1753 01:02:40,640 --> 01:02:42,769 No, we send it directly to stream 1754 01:02:42,770 --> 01:02:45,419 downwards on 70 centimeter bend. 1755 01:02:45,420 --> 01:02:46,699 It's not a lot of bandwidth. 1756 01:02:46,700 --> 01:02:48,709 That's why we don't have too much data. 1757 01:02:48,710 --> 01:02:50,779 It's like a 30 1758 01:02:50,780 --> 01:02:53,089 kilohertz or so on bandwidth 1759 01:02:53,090 --> 01:02:55,489 and we send just animal sentences 1760 01:02:55,490 --> 01:02:57,439 downward. So like the sentence to just 1761 01:02:57,440 --> 01:02:59,509 get an ADC sentence in an e-mail sentence 1762 01:02:59,510 --> 01:03:01,759 and so on, and just starts 1763 01:03:01,760 --> 01:03:04,699 on two separate locations, on two laptops 1764 01:03:04,700 --> 01:03:06,019 in real time. 1765 01:03:06,020 --> 01:03:08,179 And of course, we have also SD on 1766 01:03:08,180 --> 01:03:09,799 board where it is streamed on. 1767 01:03:09,800 --> 01:03:12,479 But if this card is lost, it's lost. 1768 01:03:12,480 --> 01:03:13,469 That's a problem. 1769 01:03:13,470 --> 01:03:15,619 So you can reproduce every launch 1770 01:03:15,620 --> 01:03:17,419 you do with the data. 1771 01:03:17,420 --> 01:03:18,420 Yeah. 1772 01:03:18,910 --> 01:03:21,009 Sorry, we're running out of time, so one 1773 01:03:21,010 --> 01:03:23,109 very short last question and then we have 1774 01:03:23,110 --> 01:03:24,159 to close in here. 1775 01:03:25,740 --> 01:03:27,999 I have a question regarding 1776 01:03:28,000 --> 01:03:29,529 propellent on. 1777 01:03:29,530 --> 01:03:32,139 Some years ago, I read about 1778 01:03:32,140 --> 01:03:34,899 Ellis Island consisting of ice 1779 01:03:34,900 --> 01:03:37,419 water, ice and aluminum powder. 1780 01:03:37,420 --> 01:03:39,249 Could it tell us something about it? 1781 01:03:39,250 --> 01:03:42,299 Yeah, sure. It's water and aluminum. 1782 01:03:42,300 --> 01:03:43,419 No, no, it's very fine. 1783 01:03:43,420 --> 01:03:45,939 Aluminum and the principal 1784 01:03:45,940 --> 01:03:48,009 with with with sugar as 1785 01:03:48,010 --> 01:03:50,889 suka. And this ellis' 1786 01:03:50,890 --> 01:03:52,629 is almost the same because as you know, 1787 01:03:52,630 --> 01:03:54,849 carbohydrate is just a carbon skeleton, 1788 01:03:54,850 --> 01:03:56,469 which a lot of water around it. 1789 01:03:56,470 --> 01:03:58,209 So what you do is that the water, bronze, 1790 01:03:58,210 --> 01:04:00,459 aluminum foil and the carbon also takes 1791 01:04:00,460 --> 01:04:01,959 a little bit of the water and then you 1792 01:04:01,960 --> 01:04:04,029 have CO2, aluminum oxide current 1793 01:04:04,030 --> 01:04:06,669 and a little bit of sodium 1794 01:04:06,670 --> 01:04:08,199 sodium carbonate. 1795 01:04:08,200 --> 01:04:10,479 And the thing with El-Aziz that it's 1796 01:04:10,480 --> 01:04:12,129 very difficult to store. 1797 01:04:12,130 --> 01:04:14,289 So unless you go to the Arctic or 1798 01:04:14,290 --> 01:04:15,290 Antarctic. 1799 01:04:16,020 --> 01:04:18,209 Not so practical because it has 1800 01:04:18,210 --> 01:04:20,459 to be frozen, then it's a nice 1801 01:04:20,460 --> 01:04:22,769 propellant. I read a lot about it because 1802 01:04:22,770 --> 01:04:24,719 it has a very high specific impulse and 1803 01:04:24,720 --> 01:04:27,029 it's it's almost inert during 1804 01:04:27,030 --> 01:04:28,650 handling. So it's very nice, but 1805 01:04:30,210 --> 01:04:32,009 it has to be cold, really cold. 1806 01:04:32,010 --> 01:04:34,559 And this was like spring in Denmark. 1807 01:04:34,560 --> 01:04:35,560 It's warm. 1808 01:04:38,340 --> 01:04:40,569 OK, thank you, David and Sean, 1809 01:04:40,570 --> 01:04:41,849 thank you very much for this very 1810 01:04:41,850 --> 01:04:44,130 impressive speech about the false.